射流式水冷散热器关键参数对性能影响的模拟研究

目前传统的风冷散热技术已无法满足高热流密度电子器件的散热需求,液冷散热技术已成为目前的研究热点。射流式水冷散热器作为液冷散热技术的一种,主要通过喷嘴将流体工质喷射到固体表面来达到散热目的。本文研究了射流式水冷散热的主要参数（喷射面积比、喷嘴数量、有无微通道）对散热器性能的影响,模拟结果表明：该散热器的最佳喷射面积比为0.14,此时散热器底板平均温度为55.8 ℃,压力损失为5.35 kPa,努塞尔数和传热系数分别为28.1和3.45 kW/ (m2·K) ;最佳的喷嘴数量为4,此时散热器底板平均温度最低,为51.4 ℃,压力损失为5.52 kPa,努塞尔数和传热系数达到最高值,分别为35.2和4.33 kW/ (m2·K),并有效的消除了局部热点;微通道的增加微通道的增加使散热器整体换热性能显著增强,平均温度降低 3 ~ 6 ℃ ,当喷嘴数量为 4 时,布置微通道可使努塞尔数由 35. 2 升至 43. 3,传热系数由 4. 33 kW/ (m2·K)增至 5. 32 kW/ (m2·K),但压力损失略微上升(约 升高 20~ 60 Pa)。     

利用CFD对不同尺寸上下冲击式速冻机静压腔流场的研究

为进一步优化上下冲击式速冻机的冻结效果,本文以静压腔尺寸为4 m×1. 5 m×2 m的实体速冻机为基础,保证入口压力为190 Pa、入口体积流量为2. 64 m3/s不变,提出了4 m×1. 5 m×1. 5 m、4 m×2 m×1. 5 m、4 m×2 m×2 m、4 m×2. 5 m×1. 5 m、4 m×2. 5 m×2 m等5种不同的静压腔尺寸,通过CFD来模拟静压腔尺寸变化对于速冻机内部流场的改变,从速冻机喷嘴出口风速、钢带表面气流的矢量分布、钢带表面换热强度及换热均匀性等方面来综合分析静压腔内部换热特性。结果表明:在静压腔入口流量相同、压力不变的情况下,唯有4 m×1. 5 m×1. 5 m的出口风速与原有尺寸的出口风速相差较小,其余尺寸的出口风速略小但变化幅度不明显。而该尺寸的换热强度以及换热均匀性却远不如4 m×2. 5 m×1. 5 m、4 m×2. 5 m×2 m。此外,静压腔尺寸为4m×2 m×2 m的换热强度虽然比4 m×1. 5 m×2 m的换热强度高约4. 85%,但均匀性较差,不足以成为优选设计。4 m×2. 5 m×1. 5m与4 m×2. 5 m×2...     

Hydrothermal flame impingement experiments. Combustion chamber design and impingement temperature profiles

The current work presents the hydrothermal flame impingement experiments conducted for the design of a hydrothermal spallation drilling nozzle. The products of hydrothermal flames of mixtures of ethanol, water and oxygen were injected as free jets in a high pressure water bath. The nozzle design was based on ideas stemming from underwater welding and cutting of metal sheets. Water entrainment in the flame-jets and the heat transfer capabilities of flames injected from various nozzles have been analyzed by measuring their impingement temperature profiles on a flat stainless steel plate. It was found that the thermal-to-kinetic energy ratio of the jet has a direct influence on the entrainment of water in it. Furthermore, the cooling water of the combustion chamber was injected in various angles to the axis of the jet resulting to different entrainment rates. It was found that higher water injection angles reduced the rate of entrainment. Finally, it was indicated that at certain operational points of the jet, its trans-critical properties had an important influence on the impingement temperatures.     

Flow and heat transfer studies of multijet impingement cooling for different configurations: A review

Increasing the gas turbine engine's turbine intake temperature has long been a potential strategy for increasing the specific work output of the engine. However, the melting temperature of the turbine blades and vane material limits the maximum intake temperature. As a result, internal and external cooling techniques are commonly used to maintain the vane material in a safe condition. This study provided an overview of internal impingement cooling to highlight the significance of geometrical variations, such as flat plate, curve plate, and actual vanes. It was observed that flat and curved plate impingement heat transfer studies were reported extensively, whereas limited studies were found on the conjugate effects on airfoil surfaces. The importance of conjugate heat transfer studies and their impact has recently been described in the literature. In most of the literature, a wide range of instruments, such as Laser Doppler Velocimeter, Particle Image Velocimeter, liquid crystal sheets, and so forth, were used for experimental investigations. According to most studies, the local value of internal surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient are vital factors of local flow behavior. Jet-to-jet spacing, jet-to-plate spacing, jet hole diameter, and jet Reynolds numbers played a crucial role in both numerical and experimental analyses. Different geometric variations strongly influence flow behavior. Therefore, the usual method for determining interior temperature distributions and heat transfer coefficients by considering generalized geometries like the flat and curved plate may not produce accurate conjugate solutions. Most of the computational studies on the flat and curved plate indicate the usage of κ−ω shear stress transport and κ–ε realizable model to predict the heat transfer coefficient.     

A numerical study integrated with RSM for hydrothermal and entropy performance of porous jet impingement

The thermohydraulic and thermodynamic performance of porous jet impingement under pressure drop effect has not yet been jointly published. Thus, the novelty of this work computationally along with the response surface methodology (RSM) optimization approach considers the porous jet impingement performance linked with a pressure drop simultaneously. Also, the current study used a novel multiobjective optimum design study for various design parameters, such as porosity (ε), Darcy number (Da), and pore per inch (PPI), under numerical simulation assessment of forced laminar convection of jet impingement with full and partial metal foam. The influence of various base plate thicknesses (t = 0, 1, 2, and 3 mm), various nanofluids (Al₂O₃, CuO, SiO₂, and ZnO), and the metal foam size percentage (W/L = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) on the improvement of the thermohydraulic and thermodynamic performance is also simulated. Results indicated that utilizing pure water and a metal foam size (W/L) of 1 along with a base plate thickness of 0 mm produced the preferable thermohydraulic and thermodynamic performance. Furthermore, according to an optimization analysis, the current study's objective for the thermohydraulic and thermodynamic performance of jet impingement can be achieved using the parameters porosity ε = 0.1, Darcy number, Da = 1, and the PPI = 15. Therefore, this investigation integrating computational fluid dynamics and RSM offers considerable innovation and useful reference for the optimum design of a porous jet impingement cooling.     

纳米流冷却液雾化射流缸盖鼻梁区的表面换热分析

提出了采用纳米流冷却液雾化冲击冷却提升缸盖鼻梁区高热密度区换热能力的方案,利用计算机仿真计算、高速摄影及内燃机台架系统研究了纳米流雾化冲击对缸盖高热密度区换热效果及不同冷却方案对柴油机工作性能的影响。研究结果显示,采用雾化冲击方式能实现缸盖高热密度区的良好冷却且温度一致性较好,温度值相差幅度不高于6℃。原因在于纳米流冷却液沸腾换热以核态沸腾为主,且雾化冲击冷却方式可以提升柴油机缸盖的进气质量流量,相比传统冷却方式最大可以提升9.7%的质量流量。在中高转速下NOx排放量和烟度值的最大降幅分别为2.7%和4.0%,在中低转速下HC及CO排放量的最大降幅分别为10.2%和5.3%。     

Recent progress in food processing applications of air impingement technology: A review

Air impingement method has been widely used in a variety of industrial applications, such as textile and paper drying, turbine cooling, and glass quenching, because it is an efficient technology with high heat and mass transfer rates. This technology has received increasing interest in the field of food processing over the last two decades, such as drying, baking, blanching, freezing, and thawing. In a food processing equipment using air impingement, jets of high-velocity air (with speeds of 10–50 m/s) are directed at a food product. The performance of the system is influenced by several critical elements, including jet velocity, nozzle array diameter and layout, jet distance, and boundary layer characteristics. The use of computational fluid dynamics, an emerging tool, has been shown to be valuable in the analysis of fluid flow and heat and mass transfer in jet impingement systems. The physical properties of impinging jets, such as turbulent mixing in the free jet zone, stagnation, boundary layer formation, recirculation, and their interactions with food products in terms of heat and mass transfer, have been discussed in this article. The benefits and disadvantages of air jet impingement technology in different food processing applications together with potential trends for improving impingement technology performance were identified and discussed. This review not only contributes to a better understanding of the research status of impingement technology on food processing but also triggers new research opportunities in this field in order to provide more healthy and nutritious food in a more sustainable way to the world's growing population.     

Thermal characteristics of arrays of swirling impinging jets: Effect of Reynolds number,impingement distance,and jet-to-jet separation

This paper numerically investigates both the inline and staggered arrays of circular multiple swirling air jets that impinge perpendicularly onto a smooth flat surface. The simulations were conducted for various flow and geometric parameters, such as Reynolds number (Re = 11,600, 24,600, and 35,000), jet-to-surface distance (H/D = 1, 2, 3, and 4), jet-to-jet separation distance (Z/D = 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5) and swirl numbers (S = 0, 0.3, and 0.75), where D is the nozzle diameter. For S = 0.75, a strong recirculation develops due to the vortex breakdown, depends on Z/D, around the axis and near the wall. The extent of the recirculation is larger for the staggered array. Intense heat transfer is anticipated at strong swirl and close impingement cases with the expense of uniformity; whereas a relatively even heat transfer is observed for larger impingements. The increase in jet-to-jet separation enhances the overall cooling effect and the staggered configuration of nozzles gives better performance. It appears that both the crossflow and turbulence around the periphery of each jet predominantly govern the heat transfer characteristics. The enhancement of heat transfer occurs for increasing Re, and the overall Nusselt number (Nu) prediction is scaled by Reⁿ, with n dependent on S. Finally a correlation is developed for the average Nusselt number to relate different control parameters.