2002年中国石油进出口状况

中国是世界第三大石油消费国。2002年中国石油进口量大幅度增长,石油净进口量达7185.2万t,比2001年增长了10.7%。石油产量达16886.6万t,石油视消费量达24071.8万t,石油净进口量已占中国石油消费的29.8%。     

Food safety governance in Saudi Arabia: Challenges in control of imported food

The operating environment for food safety interventions in nations such as Saudi Arabia, with limited local agricultural productivity, high reliance on foreign food imports and observance of Islamic laws, is remarkably challenging for the national control and regulatory institutions, since compliance to the mandatory food safety regulations and the local religious Halal standards must be ensured. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the recently restructured food safety governance in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of its food imports control. Specifically, the nature of the food imports, the organization of the food safety governance and the current control practices of imported food, in consideration of food safety and Halal requirements, are analyzed through a triangulation of data and information from secondary sources (academic literature review and gray literature search) and primary sources (direct consultation of field experts). Statistical trade data on imported food were also performed. Results revealed that the process of centralizing all the control and regulatory activities under a single agency, which the government started to strengthen the national food safety governance, has not been completed yet. The resulting overlap of legislative and monitoring tasks by multiple entities augments the challenge of ensuring the safety, quality, and authenticity of imported food and their compliance to Halal standards. The vulnerabilities and challenges still to be addressed by the local food industry and the public sector are discussed, with implications for national and international field practitioners and policymakers of countries facing similar challenges.     

基于全球供需格局的我国乙二醇产业发展对策分析

介绍了全球及我国乙二醇供需基本格局,对比了不同乙二醇生产工艺在生产成本及产能负荷率等方面的差异。分析认为,我国自给乙二醇行业相对进口产品竞争力较弱,在未来全球产能持续增长和国内消费市场增速放缓的预期下,我国乙二醇行业将面临更加激烈的市场竞争,应加强宏观产业调整,有序推进产业发展。     

中国进口天然气能源投资回报分析

中国天然气消费需求增速迅猛,由此引致中国天然气进口量不断提高,且未来仍有继续增长的趋势。在此形势下,从能源投入和产出角度分析中国进口天然气的能源投资回报具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文以中国进口天然气和各个进口国为研究对象,首先测算了中国进口天然气的能源投资回报时间序列值,分析了形成这种变化趋势的主要原因,然后分别测算了各个进口国的能源投资回报时间序列,并进行了对比分析。此外,本文还通过对比考虑环境投入和不考虑环境投入两种情景下的能源投资回报,分析了温室气体(主要包括CO_2,CH_4和NO_X)排放对能源投资回报的影响。研究结果表明从能源投入产出效益角度分析,中国进口天然气具有可行性。就进口方式而言,管道气的能源投资回报更高;就进口来源而言,哈萨克斯坦、澳大利亚、印度尼西亚、乌兹别克斯坦等国具有很高的能源投资回报。论文的研究结论为推动进口天然气发展的政策制定提供了理论支持。     

基于PCA的关键链项目管理汇入缓冲设置研究

在分析目前的关键链项目管理汇入缓冲设置常用方法及其优缺点的基础上,综合考虑项目的资源约束、不确定性等多种因素对工序延误的影响,提出基于PCA的汇入缓冲设置新方法,旨在解决汇入缓冲设置可能引起的项目资源冲突、关键链断裂、进度失控等问题,并通过实证分析验证了该方法的合理性与可行性。     

我国铁矿石进口价格形成机制的经济学分析及对钢铁行业的启示

针对近年来我国钢铁行业铁矿石进口依存度和进口价格普遍上升的现状,本文在实证数据研究的基础上,通过构建铁矿石市场的不完全竞争经济学模型,分析了我国铁矿石进口价格形成机制;认为由于大企业集团与小企业集团的界限划分和利益分歧,使得不能形成统一决策,丧失价格话语权;并从宏观和微观两个角度得出启示:推出铁矿石标准期货合约、实现钢铁企业组织结构的优化和产业集中度的提高、采用新技术不断提高矿石资源的利用效率。     

应用创新技术 促进铜业跨越式发展──江西铜业股份公司“九五”科技工作回顾

本文回顾和阐述了江铜“九五”技术创新工作的经验和成就，对同行业工业企业具有指导和借鉴作用。     

技改设备的引进,配套和试运行

结合近年来从事企业技术改造工作的实例， 总结了从设备引进、非标配套、新老系统或设备的衔接，直到实物试车全过程的一些经验、教训和体会。