表面张力对空泡脉动特性影响的实验研究

采用光偏转(OBD)测试系统对不同表面张力液体中激光空泡脉动特性进行了实验研究,探测了不同表面张力液体中空泡前2次脉动的全过程,分析了液体表面张力变化对空泡脉动特性的影响。结果表明:表面张力延缓了空泡的膨胀过程,加速了空泡的收缩,缩短了空泡脉动周期;表面张力越大,空泡对应的最大泡半径越小而收缩所能达到的最小泡半径亦越小;表面张力加强了空泡泡能的损失。     

熔石英表面损伤修复点上气泡特征及控制方法的研究

损伤修复点上的气泡是诱导修复点在激光辐照下再次损伤的主要因素,研究了蒸发式和非蒸发式两种损伤修复方式在修复过程中产生的气泡的类型和特征。结果表明,无论哪种修复方式在修复过程中得到的气泡都可以分为球形和非规则椭形气泡两种类型,且气泡的类型与损伤点周围裂纹的形状和尺寸有极大关系。损伤考核结果表明,修复点的损伤阈值会随着气泡数量的增加而呈指数递减趋势变化。讨论了在修复过程中控制和消除气泡的方法和措施,给出优化的处理参数。     

Gas holdup in two phase gas–liquid and three phase gas–liquid–solid production and transportation

The gas holdup is an important parameter that is needed for design and development of surface facilities and transportation pipelines in the field of petroleum engineering. There is no general model for prediction of this parameter in different systems and under different conditions. As a result, development of accurate and general models for prediction of this parameter in various situations is of great importance. This study presents new experimental gas holdup data in the kerosene+CO₂ and kerosene+N₂ systems. The experimental data were measured by using a bubble column setup. Moreover, a computer-based model namely PSO-ANFIS model is also developed for prediction of the gas holdup in different systems. A total of 818 experimental gas holdup data in various systems were utilized including the newly measured experimental data in the present work as well as experimental data from several published works in the literature. Results showed that the developed PSO-ANFIS model is accurate for prediction of experimental data with an R² value of 0.998 and average absolute relative deviation (AARD%) of 3.4%.     

Comparison of in-situ and ex-situ microbial enhanced oil recovery by strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa WJ-1 in laboratory sand-pack columns

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) applies biotechnology to improve residual crude oil production from substratum reservoir. MEOR includes in-situ MEOR and ex-situ MEOR. The former utilizes microbial growth and metabolism in the reservoir, and the latter directly injects desired active products produced by microbes on the surface. Taking biosurfactant-producing strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa WJ-1 for research objects, in-situ enhanced oil recovery and ex-situ enhanced oil recovery by biosurfactant-producing strain WJ-1 were comparatively investigated in sand-pack columns.The results showed that P.aeruginosa WJ-1 really proliferated in sand-pack columns, produced 2.66 g/L of biosurfactant, altered wettability, reduced oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsified crude oil under simulated in-situ process. Results also showed that higher biosurfactant concentration, lower IFT, smaller average diameters of emulsified crude oil were obtained in in-situ enhanced oil recovery experiment than those in ex-situ enhance oil recovery experiment. Similar wettability alteration was observed in both in-situ and ex-situ enhanced oil recovery experiment. The flooding experiments in sand-pack columns revealed that the recovery of in-situ was 7.46%/7.32% OOIP (original oil in place), and the recovery of the ex-situ was 4.64%/4.49% OOIP. Therefore, in-situ approach showed greater potential in enhancing oil recovery in contrast with ex-situ approach. It is recommended that the stimulation of indigenous microorganisms rather than injection of microbial produced active products should be applied when MEOR technologies were employed.     

Formation of GaAsP interface layers monitored by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy

Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) has been used to study As-by-P exchange during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The study focuses on the processes occurring during switching from GaAs to GaInP, especially the effect of purging PH₃ over a GaAs surface. GaAsP/GaAs superlattices of different periodicity were grown and the P-content was determined by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and correlated to the RAS spectra. From the temperature dependence of the P-content, an activation energy of 0.56 eV was estimated for the incorporation mechanism. In addition to the insights into the processes at mixed group-V heterointerfaces, our study demonstrates the reproducibility of RAS transients that thus can be used for process monitoring.     

Selective area epitaxy of CdTe

We have performed selective area epitaxy (SAE) of CdTe layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy using a shadow mask technique. This technique was chosen over other SAE techniques due to its simplicity and its compatibility with multiple SAE patterning steps. Features as small as 50 microns × 50 microns were obtained with sharp, abrupt side walls and flat mesa tops. Separations between mesas as small as 20 microns were also obtained. Shadowing effects due to the finite thickness of the mask were reduced by placing the CdTe source in a near normal incidence position. Intimate contact between the mask and the substrate was essential in order to achieve good pattern definition.     

STN-LCD低温发泡临界温度估算

导出了STN产品低温下出现黑点的临界温度估算公式，讨论了影响临界温度的各种因素，估算了在特定条件下出现低温黑点的临界温度。     

剥离型聚丙烯-蒙脱土纳米复合材料Ⅰ.Ziegler-Natta/有机改性蒙脱土复合催化剂催化丙烯聚合

采用化学反应法制备了Z ieg ler-Natta/有机咪唑盐改性蒙脱土复合催化剂(简称复合催化剂),并通过丙烯单体原位插层聚合制备了聚丙烯-蒙脱土纳米复合材料。考察了n(A l)∶n(T i)、聚合温度、聚合时间及溶剂种类对复合催化剂的活性及定向催化能力的影响。研究结果表明,与商品化CS-2型Zieg ler-Natta催化剂相比,复合催化剂的活性明显降低,在n(A l)∶n(T i)=100、聚合温度60℃、聚合时间1h、正庚烷为溶剂时,复合催化剂的活性较高,可达78.4kg/(m ol.h)。合成聚丙烯的等规度在85%~97%之间,熔融温度在160℃左右,重均相对分子质量达到(3.6~4.6)×105,相对分子质量分布在6.1~6.6之间。溶剂种类对合成聚丙烯的等规度影响较大。     

高温低渗裂缝油藏用调剖剂及其应用

针对新疆宝浪油田砂岩油藏高温（90～110℃）、低孔（1．37％～17．4％）、低渗（O．020-0．266μm^2）及裂缝发育的特点，研制了由0．6％～O．8％AM／AN共聚物PMN，0．3％～0．6％两种有机和一种无机物复合交联剂及0.1％～0．2％酸度调节／交联剂柠檬酸组成的水基凝胶调剖剂。该剂成胶时间4～60小时可调，储能模量≥10Pa，决定于各组分用量和成胶温度。0.5％PMN＋0．54％交联剂＋0.1％柠檬酸配方调剖剂在105℃放置12个月后，储能模量下降小于32％；在孔隙度31％-45％、渗透率2．6-5．5μm^2的岩心砂填充管中于90-95℃充分成胶后，封堵率〉90％。2003年宝浪油田两口注水井用该剂调剖后，注水压力上升2～3MPa，吸水剖面改善，有4口对应油井大幅度增油。图11表3参4。     

低温低渗透砂岩油藏窜流大孔道深部封堵技术研究

所用堵剂为高强度的淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺交联凝胶SAMG-1,由<6%淀粉、4.5%-5.5%丙烯酰胺、0.003%-0.006%交联剂组成,35℃成胶时间受淀粉和交联剂用量控制,为18-20小时以上,成胶前黏度-100 mPa.s。该堵剂具有长期稳定性,在储层岩心中注入深度15 cm的堵剂,在35℃候凝48小时后及老化90天后,封堵强度分别为0.61和0.59 MPa/cm,封堵率分别为98.6%和98.1%。该堵剂优先进入高渗层,注入0.5 PV并成胶后,2组双填砂管组成的模型低、高渗管渗透率保留率分别为68.4%、0.7%和69.4%、0.0%。吉林扶余油田西一区+15-8.2区块有水井6口,油井13口,含水率达91.5%,注入水最快在5天内到达油井。报道了该区块整体深部调剖封堵窜流通道的情况,详细叙述了+15-9.2井施工中通过注入压力和井底回压控制注入流量,使堵剂陆续进入原生和次生孔道的工艺作业,该井设计注入堵剂92 m3。6口水井整体调剖后,油井产液量差别减小,产油量增加,有效期已超过了9个月,共增油843 t,含水平均下降3.87%。图7表1参8。