大调节比CO焚烧炉系统设计

由于调节比要求达到1∶40的CO焚烧系统,远远超出常规焚烧炉1∶8的调节范围,采用常规的单一燃烧器、流量计、风机等均无法满足要求.设计中按照分级调节思路,采用了两级燃烧器、两级管线的设计思路,经济、可靠地解决了大调节比焚烧系统的设计难题.一次燃烧空气流量采用固定空燃比、比例调节.风机出口压力利用掺和风管线进行调节,采用单一风机仍能满足要求.设计中使用组合式燃烧器、调整型流量计、可塑捣打料衬里等新型结构.焚烧炉采用立式结构,烟囱高度被减到结构允许的最低,炉体则取消了防爆门、看火门、人孔门、挡板等常规配件,使炉子结构得以大幅简化.焚烧炉投用两年来运行正常,实测的CO排放体积分数仅为25 μL/L,满足环保排放要求.     

Burden of disease attributable to air pollutants from municipal solid waste incinerators in Seoul, Korea: a source-specific approach for environmental burden of disease

Few studies have attempted to quantify the integrated health burden, incorporating both mortality and morbidity as these factors pertain to air pollutants, on the population in the vicinity of the incinerators. The aims of this study are to estimate the attributable burden of disease caused by incinerators in Seoul, Korea and to present an approach based on source-specific exposure for the estimation of the environmental burden of disease (EBD). With particular attention on the development of a measurement means of the source-specific, exposure-based population attributable fraction (PAF), we integrated air dispersion modeling, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the population distribution of exposure, and the exposure-response relationship. We then estimated the PAFs caused by additional concentrations of four air pollutants (PM₁₀, NO_2, SO₂, and CO) emitted from four municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in Seoul in 2007. We, finally, estimated the attributable burden of disease, using the estimated PAF and the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) method developed by the Global Burden of Disease Group of the World Health Organization (WHO).The PAF for NO₂ to all-cause mortality was assessed at approximately 0.02% (95% CI: 0.003-0.036%), which was the highest among all air pollutants. The PAFs for respiratory and cardiovascular disease were 0.12% (95% CI: 0.01-0.16%) and 0.10% (95% CI: 0.04-0.16%), respectively. The sum of the attributable burden of disease for four pollutants was about 297 person-years (PYs) (95% CI: 121-472 PYs) when the incinerators observed to the emission standards. The attributable burdens of respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease were about 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively, of the total burden of respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease of Seoul citizens for the year 2007. Although the air emissions from one risk factor, an incinerator, are small, the burden of disease can be significant to the public health when population exposure is considered.     

垃圾焚烧电站空气预热器与低压省煤器的组合分析

垃圾焚烧电站的低温腐蚀十分严重。目前，尾部受热面（主要是空气预热器）防腐蚀措施主要是在空气预热器前增加暖风器，以提高空气预热器的金属温度，减轻腐蚀，但增加暖风器会降低锅炉乃至电厂的效率。针对深圳市环卫厂150t／d垃圾焚烧锅炉的改造方案，以蒸汽空气加热器和低压省煤器的联合使用的方案进行计算分析，兼顾尾部受热面防腐和整个机组效率，综合考虑尾部受热面布置和热力系统的优化，并对垃圾焚烧电站热力系统优化设计提出了原则性的建议。     

垃圾焚烧灰作为水泥混合材的研究

研究了垃圾焚烧灰的组成,探讨了垃圾焚烧灰作为水泥混凝土活性混合材的可能性.研究表明:垃圾焚烧灰主要由黏土类矿物组成,具有一定的活性.在垃圾焚烧灰掺量(质量分数,下同)不高于20%的情况下,垃圾焚烧灰在水泥中的作用类似于低钙粉煤灰,但垃圾焚烧灰的掺量达30%时,水泥的后期强度增长缓慢;垃圾焚烧灰与矿渣等混合材复合,可改善水泥的后期强度.垃圾重新煅烧对改善其性能没有积极作用.     

新型医疗垃圾焚烧炉热力计算及优化

对新型控气式医疗废物热解气化焚烧炉进行了热力分析,针对医疗废物的特点,利用物料平衡与能量平衡的原理,对焚烧炉的炉膛整体、一燃室以及二燃室进行了计算分析,得出总的过量空气系数和一燃室的过量空气系数对焚烧炉出口温度和一燃室出口温度的影响规律,当总过量空气系数从1.6上升到2.0时,一燃室出口温度从640 ℃上升到1 150 ℃,同时焚烧炉出口温度1 000 ℃逐渐降低到650 ℃.当总过量空气系数不变,一燃室过量空气系数从0.36变化到0.5时,一然室从700 ℃上升至1 100 ℃,二燃烧室的温度则维持在900 ℃.在实际医疗焚烧炉上进行了燃烧试验,试验结果与计算结果符合较好.     

废水制酸开车过程对焚烧炉的改进实践研究

介绍了吉林石化公司丙烯腈厂利用废水制取硫酸的生产过程以及焚烧炉在其中发挥的重要作用,并进一步通过废水制酸装置开车过程中焚烧炉遇到的一些实际问题,提出相应的改进措施,焚烧炉温度得到提升.改进后该装置开车平稳,热能利用率高、污染小,处理含硫废水400 kt/a、含硫废酸300kt/a,解决了丙烯腈厂自身的硫酸使用需求,创造了很好的经济效益.     

Influence of flue gas SO2 on the toxicity of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash after accelerated carbonation stabilization

The influence of CO₂ content and SO₂ presence on the leaching toxicity of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash was studied by examining the carbonation reaction of MSWI fly ash with different combinations of simulated incineration flue gases. Compared with raw ash, the leaching solution pH of carbonated ash decreased by almost 1 unit and the leaching concentrations of heavy metals were generally lower, with that of Pb decreasing from 19.45 mg/L (raw ash) to 4.08 mg/L (1# carbonated ash). The presence of SO₂ in the incineration flue gas increased the leaching concentrations of heavy metals from the fly ash to different extents after the carbonation stabilization reaction. The pH of the leaching solution was the main factor influencing the leaching concentrations of heavy metals. The increase in buffer capacity with the pH of carbonated ash caused an increase in heavy metal stability after the carbonation reaction. Accelerated carbonation stabilization of MSWI fly ash could reduce its long-term leaching concentrations (toxicity) of Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn. The leaching concentrations of heavy metals from carbonated ash also likely had better long-term stability than those from raw ash. The presence of SO₂ in the incineration flue gas increased the proportion of exchangeable state species of heavy metals; slightly increased the long-term leaching toxicity of Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn; and reduced the long-term stability of these metals in the fly ash after the carbonation reaction.