Dopant incorporation in thin strained Si layers implanted with Sb

The effect of tensile strain on Sb incorporation in Si and its activation during post-implantation annealing has been studied by a combination of Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and 4-point probe measurements. Our results show that, for Sb implanted samples a tensile strain has an important role for dopant behavior. Particularly, increasing the tensile strain in the Si layer from 0 to 0.8% leads to an enhancement of the fraction of incorporated Sb atoms in substitutional sites already during implantation from ~ 7 to 30%. Furthermore, 0.8% strain in antimony doped Si gives ~ 20% reduction in the sheet resistance in comparison to the unstrained sample.     

Effects of influent strength on microorganisms in surface flow mesocosm wetlands

To choose an appropriate dilution ratio to treat woodwaste leachate without inhibition on heterotrophic bacteria, microbial ATP concentration and the rates of heterotrophic leucine incorporation and acetate uptake were compared across surface flow mesocosm wetlands fed with different strengths of influent. Abundances of protozoa and respiring bacteria were investigated in two mesocosm wetlands to elucidate the effects of influent strength on heterotrophic bacteria. The strongest influent or the raw leachate did not show a significant inhibitory effect on leucine incorporation and acetate uptake. Instead, leucine incorporation rates by bacteria in water, epiphytic biofilm and sediment were higher in mesocosm wetlands fed with a stronger influent. There were significantly more respiring planktonic bacteria (451 x 10(5) mL(-1)) and fewer nanoflagellates (3.8 x 10(3) mL(-1)) in the mesocosm fed with a strong influent, while fewer respiring planktonic bacteria (38.7 x 10(5)mL(-1)) and more nanoflagellates (15.4 x 10(3) mL(-1)) in the mesocosm fed with a weak influent. The majority of the total microbial ATP was attributed to sedimentary bacteria, of which >96% were inactive. Heterotrophic activity and its distribution among water, epiphytic biofilm and sediment in the mesocosm wetlands were affected by availability of bacterial substrates and grazing pressure of nanoflagellates.     

Shell煤气化配套50万t／a甲醇装置之甲醇弛放气联产合成氨的方案与实效

中原大化集团有限公司通过改造合成氨装置高温变换炉工艺流程,将50万t／a煤基甲醇装置的甲醇弛放气引入1000t／d的以天然气为原料的合成氨装置,以提高氨产量和降低天然气消耗。笔者从理论上分析了甲醇弛放气和合成氨转化气的性质与组分,介绍了并网改造对合成氨装置产生的影响及应对措施。结果表明：并网联产成功,合成氨产量可提高3～6t／h,吨氨天然气消耗可下降100—150m^3。     

炭黑、白炭黑加入顺序对NR/SSBR胶料性能的影响

通过改变炭黑、白炭黑的加料顺序,探讨了炭黑/白炭黑在不同并用比下（75/25,50/50）在天然橡胶（NR）与溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）共混体系中的最佳加入顺序。结果表明,炭黑、白炭黑的加入顺序并不是绝对的,炭黑/白炭黑并用比为75/25时（填料总量为45份）,先加白炭黑有利于白炭黑的分散,硫化胶物理机械性能较好,压缩生热较低,动态力学性能较好;当炭黑/白炭黑并用比为50/50时,炭黑/白炭黑一起加入得到的硫化橡胶性能较好。     

High stability of oxidation of methanol catalyzed by Pt supported by oxygen-incorporated bamboo-shaped CNTs grown directly on carbon cloth

Bamboo-shaped CNTs in which oxygen was incorporated were directly grown on carbon cloth (O-BCNT-CC) by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Mixed precursors CH₄/H₂/N₂/O₂ were introduced during the growth process. For comparison, bamboo-shaped CNTs without incorporated oxygen were prepared herein (BCNT-CC). Then, platinum catalysts were prepared on the as-grown O-BCNT-CC (Pt/O-BCNT-CC) and the as-grown BCNT-CC (Pt/BCNT-CC). According to TEM-EELS oxygen mapping, O atoms were uniformly distributed on the O-BCNT surface. Methanol oxidation was performed using Pt/O-BCNT-CC and Pt/BCNT-CC in 1 M methanol and 1 M sulfuric acid by cyclic voltammetry. In the initial cycle, the peak current density of Pt/O-BCNT-CC was almost equal to that of Pt/BCNT, indicating that both had nearly equal activities in the beginning. After 300 cycles, the peak current of Pt/BCNT-CC was reduced to half of the initial peak current owing to platinum-poisoning; however, the peak current of Pt/O-BCNT-CC decayed less. In Pt/O-BCNT-CC, the oxygen-containing functional groups affect the orientation index of crystalline Pt, providing a means of oxidizing methanol and stabilizing Pt catalysts for the long-term.     

Low temperature fabrication of formamidinium based perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance by chlorine incorporation

Recently formamidinium (FA) based perovskite solar cell was demonstrated to show high performance and better stability upon partial substitution of FA with Cs cation. However, the fabrication of device required high-temperature processing on TiO₂ electrode and thus limits the use of flexible polymeric substrates. Here, we present a low temperature approach for the fabrication of p-i-n perovskite solar cells based on Cs_0.15FA_0.85PbI₃. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of chlorine on the morphology and crystallinity of the perovskite films and the corresponding photovoltaic performance. Chlorine incorporation can significantly enlarge the size of grains and improve the crystallinity of perovskite films with full surface coverage. A best power conversion efficiency of 14.5% was realized for planar perovskite solar cells with negligible hysteresis and remarkable reproducibility.     

Interests of chitosan nanoparticles ionically cross-linked with tripolyphosphate for biomedical applications

The process of ionic gelation is one of the easiest ways to develop chitosan nanoparticles reported so far in the literature. Its success is mainly due to its one-shot synthesis, and to the mild environment required to produce the nanoparticles. The nanoparticle formation all along this process has been therefore thoroughly studied to lead to particles with a nanometric size, a narrow size distribution, and a spherical shape that are ideal for biomedical uses. The purpose of this review is to compile the biomedical applications that have been considered in the literature for these chitosan nanoparticles prepared by ionic gelation using tripolyphosphate as ionic agent. Their intrinsic biological properties such as non-toxicity, antimicrobial activity, mucoadhesivity and haemocompatibility are firstly discussed and compared to those of chitosan solutions. Then, the different bioactive species (drugs and biomacromolecules) incorporated in these chitosan nanoparticles, their maximal incorporation efficiency, their loading capacity, and their principal associated biomedical applications are presented.     

布局及布置设计问题求解自动化的理论与方法综述

布局及布置设计问题是设计领域的一个重要部分，在工程实践中有着广泛的应用，它的求解自动化理论及方法对于设计自动化领域具有典型意义。由于其本身具有建模复杂性和NP完全的性质，求解具有很大的难度，文中介绍了布局问题的概念和目前存在的多种建模方法及求解方法，并指出求解布局问题的发展方向－建立复杂布局问题的复合知识模型并以虚拟现实技术为手段进行人机智能合作（协作）的求解，该发展方向对于设计过程许多阶段的自动化求解也具有参考价值。     

四氯乙烯改性炭黑在橡胶中的分散速度及硫化胶性能影响的研究

应用四氯乙烯对炭黑进行热机械方法处理后，由于四氯乙烯对炭黑粒子起到了表面活化作用和氯原子的空间位阻效应，降低了炭黑粒子间的内聚能，在混炼时提高了炭黑在橡胶中的分散速度，缩短了混炼时间，增多了橡胶大分子链与炭黑粒子间的化学结合点，从而提高了硫化胶的定伸强度、硬度等综合性能。     

Dependency of luminescence properties of Y2O3: Eu on the activator incorporation degree and lattice parameter

Abstract— Samples of yttrium oxide doped with trivalent europium have been prepared by ceramic techniques, under different synthesis conditions; barium chloride (BaCl₂) and sodium tetraborate (Na₂B₄O₇) were tested as flux. The improvement of the luminescence properties dependency on the substitution of Eu³⁺ for Y³⁺ in the host lattice under electron and UV excitations is demonstrated. The lattice parameter as a quantitative assessment of activator incorporation degree is proposed. The obtained results are discussed with respect to the employed processing method.