虚拟多结构光传感器昆虫运动参数测量系统

提出了基于单摄像机和双结构光投射器的虚拟多结构光视觉测量系统测量高扇翅频昆虫飞行运动参数.首先分析了光栅型结构光视觉的测量原理以及虚拟多结构光传感器的工作原理,针对昆虫的运动遮挡提出了多角度观测的没计思想,在此基础上建立了基于单摄像机和双结构光的虚拟多结构光视觉测量系统.实验结果表明,该测量系统可以实现固定飞行昆虫双侧翅膀运动参数的测量;该系统不仪降低了系统成本,而且避免了多摄像机同步驱动的复杂性.     

激光微束穿刺法获得抗虫转基因油菜及其后代的研究

利用激光微束穿刺法将苏云金芽孢杆菌的毒蛋白 (δ endotoxin)基因导入了油菜 ,经聚合酶催化链式反应(PCR)和PCRSouthern杂交证明抗虫基因已导入油菜基因组中并能在T1 代得到遗传。对转基因植株进行了抗虫性测试 ,结果表明某些植株具有较好的抗虫性 ,并且这种抗虫性在T1 代仍能保持。实验结果表明抗虫基因已整合进油菜基因组并得到了稳定的遗传。     

低信噪比下基于YOLOv3的昆虫目标检测

掌握昆虫迁飞规律对于农业防治和生态学研究具有重大意义,雷达正是检测昆虫迁飞最有效的手段.昆虫回波弱,传统的恒虚警检测(Constant False Alarm Rate,CFAR)算法在低信噪比(Signal To Noise Ratio,SNR)时的检测性能下降;同时昆虫目标体积小、飞行速度慢,在距离维和多普勒维的扩...     

Methyl bromide—Is there any future for this noteworthy fumigant?

For many years methyl bromide has played a significant role in controlling insect pests in durable and perishable agricultural commodities, pests in the soil and in structures. Although about 10% of the chemical produced is used globally for disinfesting stored products its importance for that purpose cannot be understressed, since it is the only remaining fumigant in worldwide use other than phosphine. Methyl bromide is the only fumigant available for quarantine treatment of commodities where rapid disinfestation techniques are essential. Although methyl bromide arises from natural sources, principally the oceans, most of the chemical found in the stratosphere is now thought to originate from man-made sources. Methyl bromide has been formally listed as an ozone-depleting substance by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, with agreement from 1995 to limit future production. Reviews of both the current uses of methyl bromide, and of potential substitutes should permit a decision on a general control scheme for the chemical by 1995. Separately, in the U.S.A., under the Clean Air Act, methyl bromide will be phased out by the year 2001. Other countries or political unions are also currently examining the feasibility of reducing the quantities of methyl bromide used. Future restrictions on methyl bromide are expected to have a particular impact on developing countries, particularly those exporting agricultural products. This has been recognized in exempting these countries from the controls to be introduced in 1995. Despite many uncertainties regarding its role in ozone depletion it seems certain that methyl bromide will, eventually, be removed from the list of the few remaining products capable of preventing pest damage to food and other valuable commodities.     

虫茶粗多糖对四氯化碳诱导小鼠肝损伤预防效果研究

本研究对虫茶粗多糖的肝损伤预防效果进行了实验。虫茶粗多糖可以使CCl4(四氯化碳)诱导的肝损伤昆明小鼠血清中的AST(天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶)、ALT(丙氨酸氨基转移酶)、LDH(乳酸脱氢酶)、MDA(丙二醛)含量下降,升高血清中的GSH(还原型谷胱甘肽)含量。虫茶粗多糖还可以使肝损伤小鼠肝脏中的MDA和TG(甘油三酯)含量下降,GSH含量上升,且100 mg/kg浓度虫茶粗多糖的效果更显著,能够接近常用的肝治疗药物水飞蓟。对小鼠血清中细胞因子的检测也发现灌胃虫茶粗多糖小鼠的IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α和IFN-γ水平低于肝损伤对照组小鼠,接近正常组和药物水飞蓟组。通过组织病理切片观察也证明虫茶粗多糖可以减轻CCl4对肝脏组织的破坏,保护肝细胞。虫茶粗多糖灌胃小鼠肝组织中的炎症相关基因i NOS和COX-2被下调,低于对照组小鼠,并且100 mg/kg浓度虫茶粗多糖可以比50 mg/kg虫茶粗多糖更多的下调i NOS和COX-2的m RNA表达。这些实验结果证明了虫茶粗多糖具有很好的肝损伤预防效果。     

催化式红外辐射预处理对糙米贮藏稳定性的影响

本文研究了催化式红外辐射预处理对糙米贮藏稳定性的影响。先考察红外辐射时间、辐射距离和糙米初始水分含量对糙米品质的影响,得到最佳处理条件为:红外辐射时间6 min、处理距离35 cm,初始水分含量14.50%。随后在35℃、85%RH(相对湿度)下贮藏,通过测定贮藏期间游离脂肪酸、虫害、霉菌等来比较不同环境的贮藏效果。结果显示,红外辐射气调包装组的糙米贮藏效果最好,游离脂肪酸仅增加15.45 mg KOH/100 g,霉菌总数保持在180 cfu/g左右,未有虫害发生。以上结果表明,红外辐射预处理能有效的减缓糙米游离脂肪酸的生成,降低水分含量,并抑制虫害和霉变现象。      

散储小麦中探管诱集和取样筛检书虱和锈赤扁谷盗效果比较研究

在高大平房仓散装小麦堆中夏季高温期间分别采用取样筛检和探管诱捕器诱集检测的方法,定点检测粮堆中发生的书虱和锈赤扁谷盗的数量,并比较两种检测方法的效果差异。结果表明,两种检测方法检测到害虫的数量均随着夏季环境温度的上升和粮温上升而增加。在粮温21～31℃的情况下,每间隔3d 检查探管诱捕器中的害虫数量与取样筛查的结果有一定的相关性。以代表性的检测点进行比较,对于书虱两种检测方法的相关线性关系为:Y=0.329x-7.1423,对于锈赤扁谷盗两种检测方法的相关线性关系为:Y=0.1489x 0.9363。     

粮食柔性集装单元储粮性能研究

采用柔性集装袋单元储粮形式,模拟广州地区8～9月份粮食物流过程中的仓储运输环境,分别在露天与铁路罩棚条件下存放玉米.结果表明,在利用苫布遮盖和严格监控粮情品质的情况下,能够实现粮食在途运输15 d和带袋暂存2个月的品质安全保证,验证了粮食集装袋具有较好的透气性和优于麻袋的防水、防潮性能.     

Extension of shelf-life of whole-wheat flour by gamma radiation

The effect of low-dose gamma irradiation (0.25–1.00 kGy) on pre-packed whole-wheat flour (atta) was assessed in terms of physico-chemical properties, nutritional quality, chapati-making quality and sensory attributes. Semi-pilot scale storage studies on irradiated pre-packed whole-wheat flour revealed that there was no adverse effect of irradiation and storage up to 6 months of whole-wheat flour treated at doses up to 1.00 kGy on total proteins, fat, carbohydrates, vitamin B₁ and B₂ content, colour index, sedimentation value, dough properties, total bacterial and mould count. Storage of wheat flour resulted in slight increase in moisture, free fatty acids, damaged starch, reducing sugars and slight decrease in gelatinization viscosity.
However, irradiation as such had no effect on any of these parameters. Irradiation at 0.25 kGy was sufficient to extend the shelf-life of atta up to 6 months without any significant change in the nutritional, functional attributes. Chapaties made from irradiated atta (0.25 kGy) were preferred even after 6 months storage, compared with the control.     

Nanostructured alumina as seed protectant against three stored-product insect pests

Nanoparticles represent a promising technology to enhance the efficacy of bioactive materials and a large number of studies showed the effectiveness of nanostructured materials against various arthropod species of economic importance. In this work nanostructured alumina (NSA) was prepared using sol-gel method and the effect of NSA was evaluated as seed protectant against the main seed-infesting insect pests Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Besides, we tested the effects of NSA on seed germination and plant growth and finally, we assessed the presence of NSA as a contaminant in the leaves of bean plants germinated from NSA-treated seeds. The results showed significant insecticidal activity of NSA against the three tested species. After sixteen days, the percentage of insect mortality at the highest NSA concentration tested (400 mg kg⁻¹) was 100.00% for S. paniceum followed by O. surinamensis (80.64%) and T. confusum (79.41%). Besides, in-vitro tests indicated that NSA has no effects on seeds germination and on radicle and shoot elongation. No effects of NSA were also observed in pot tests on the bean’s plants. No differences were recorded in the leaves area, stoma density and roots length. On the contrary, the shoot of plants from NSA-treated beans was about 66% higher than the one of the non-treated plants (shoot, 15.07 cm for the control and 22.76 cm for NSA-treated plants). Finally, no contamination by alumina particles was found by EDX-system coupled with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on the surface of the P. vulgaris leaves obtained from NSA-treated beans. Overall, the results showed that NSA could be an effective protective agent for the control insect pests during the seeds storage.