储粮害虫低氧应答机制的研究进展

气调储粮技术是利用低氧抑制密闭的仓储系统内生物呼吸作用的原理,达到害虫防治目的一种绿色、有效手段,然而储粮害虫较强的低氧适应能力给这项技术的实际推广带来挑战.近年来,储粮害虫低氧应答机制的研究已成为研究的热点.本文将从储粮害虫低氧适应策略及相关调控机制两方面进行综述,重点探索昆虫低氧应答调控机制,包括低氧诱导因子(HI...     

化香虫茶总黄酮对CCl_4诱导小鼠肝损伤的预防效果

本文对虫茶总黄酮的肝损伤预防效果进行了研究。虫茶黄酮可以使CCl4诱导的肝损伤小鼠血清中的谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)和甘油三酯(TG)含量下降,升高血清中的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。同时,虫茶黄酮还可以使肝损伤小鼠肝脏中的MDA和TG含量下降,GSH含量上升,且100mg/kg浓度虫茶黄酮的效果更显著,能够接近常用的肝病治疗药物水飞蓟。对小鼠血清中细胞因子的检测也发现灌胃虫茶黄酮小鼠的IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α和IFN-γ水平低于对照组小鼠,接近正常组和药物水飞蓟组。组织病理切片证明虫茶黄酮可以减轻CCl4对肝组织的破坏,保护肝脏细胞。虫茶黄酮灌胃小鼠相对于对照组小鼠肝脏组织中的炎症相关基因NF-κB被下调,IκB-α被上调。结果表明虫茶黄酮有较好的肝损伤预防效果。     

光触媒聚乙烯薄膜对储粮害虫的防治效果研究

在实验室条件下，采用光触媒聚乙烯薄膜对常见储粮害虫米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗和绿豆象的杀灭效果、驱避效果和子代抑制效果进行了研究。结果表明：光触媒聚乙烯薄膜对供试的几种害虫的成虫有显著的驱避效果，驱避率为米象60．9％～75．1％，谷蠹25．8％～77．8％，赤拟谷盗78．0％～84．6％，绿豆象35．7％～37．5％；对绿豆象的子代抑制效果显著，其平均抑制率为80．9％。光触媒聚乙烯薄膜对供试成虫的致死效果不显著。     

粮食柔性集装单元储粮性能研究

采用柔性集装袋单元储粮形式,模拟广州地区8～9月份粮食物流过程中的仓储运输环境,分别在露天与铁路罩棚条件下存放玉米.结果表明,在利用苫布遮盖和严格监控粮情品质的情况下,能够实现粮食在途运输15 d和带袋暂存2个月的品质安全保证,验证了粮食集装袋具有较好的透气性和优于麻袋的防水、防潮性能.     

昆虫功能食品的研究与开发

论述了昆虫功能食品的概念，介绍了昆虫食品的保健成份，并对昆虫保健食品的研究与开发进行了初步探讨。     

中型立筒仓共用管道熏蒸杀虫通风降温试验

立筒仓粮堆在储藏期间感染害虫和不正常升温,是安全储粮的难题,本试验在立筒仓内安装了一套共用管道系统,兼有熏蒸杀虫,通风降温和熏蒸残余气体利用的功能。使用该系统进行环流熏蒸,仓内各部位熏蒸气体分布均匀,杀虫效果达到100％,还配备了带有加热装置的气化器,在大气温度低于15.6℃和用药量超过51b的情况下,可使液态熏蒸剂充分气化,而达到理想的杀虫效果。该系统通风降温效果好,通风后每米粮层温差<1℃。将两个立筒仓的共用管道串接,可将熏蒸仓内约40％的熏蒸气体输送至邻仓,解决了残留药剂的利用问题。该试验安装的共用管道系统具有设计合理、设备简单的特点。     

昆虫油脂及其营养评价

昆虫是一个庞大的动物群体，昆虫油脂是一类具有许多生理生物学活性和功能性的营养物质，这类物质无论在量上还是在质上都有很高的研究和开发利用价值。本文讨论了昆虫油脂的资源、油脂特性、脂肪酸组成，并对昆虫油脂的营养价值进行了分析和评价。     

Response of Colorado potato beetles,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), to volatile components of tansy,Tanacetum vulgare

The responses of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), to volatile components of tansy,Tanacetum vulgare L., were investigated in order to establish a chemical basis for observed reduction in beetle populations when potatoes,Solanum tuberosum L., were interplanted with tansy. Colorado potato beetles exhibited avoidance behavior to tansy oil, volatiles from intact tansy plants, a hydrocarbon fraction of tansy oil, obtained by fractionation on alumina, and five of the 13 known components of tansy oil that were tested. One constituent of tansy oil, -pinene, attracted beetles.     

Toxicity of nitro compounds fromLotus pedunculatus to grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Crude extracts of root of the forage legumesLotus pedunculatus andCoronilla varia (crownvetch) were toxic when administered orally to 3rd instarCostelytra zealandica larvae. A group of 3-nitropropanoyl-d-glucopyranoses was isolated from active fractions of the crude extracts. These toxins, some of which were already known fromC. varia, have not previously been reported fromL. pedunculatus. The compounds were present in root tissue of this species at a concentration of about 1% dry weight. They include the triester karakin and the diesters coronarian and cibarian, all of which were toxic to larvae ofC. zealandica at levels which could account fully for the activity of the crude extracts.     

Adaptation of the ToxRTool to Assess the Reliability of Toxicology Studies Conducted with Genetically Modified Crops and Implications for Future Safety Testing

To determine the reliability of food safety studies carried out in rodents with genetically modified (GM) crops, a Food Safety Study Reliability Tool (FSSRTool) was adapted from the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods’ (ECVAM) ToxRTool. Reliability was defined as the inherent quality of the study with regard to use of standardized testing methodology, full documentation of experimental procedures and results, and the plausibility of the findings. Codex guidelines for GM crop safety evaluations indicate toxicology studies are not needed when comparability of the GM crop to its conventional counterpart has been demonstrated. This guidance notwithstanding, animal feeding studies have routinely been conducted with GM crops, but their conclusions on safety are not always consistent. To accurately evaluate potential risks from GM crops, risk assessors need clearly interpretable results from reliable studies. The development of the FSSRTool, which provides the user with a means of assessing the reliability of a toxicology study to inform risk assessment, is discussed. Its application to the body of literature on GM crop food safety studies demonstrates that reliable studies report no toxicologically relevant differences between rodents fed GM crops or their non-GM comparators.