唇形科植物在储粮害虫防治中的应用

总结了应用唇形科植物粗提物、活性成分、精油等对储粮害虫进行防治的研究进展,并指明了今后防治储粮害虫的发展方向。     

紫外诱杀灯和瓦楞纸诱捕与取样筛检法检测储粮害虫比较研究

在散装储藏稻谷的平房仓中比较研究了紫外诱杀灯、瓦楞纸板和取样筛检检测储粮害虫的效果。在夏季近4个月的研究观察中,发现紫外诱杀灯可较取样筛检早近2个月大量检测到锈赤扁谷盗,早约2个月检测到较多的谷蠹,紫外诱杀灯没有诱集到赤拟谷盗。瓦楞纸板诱捕锈赤扁谷盗和赤拟谷盗较取样筛检法所得时间早、数量多,但在检测到谷蠹的时间上要比取样筛检晚4周的时间。随着环境温度的升高,紫外诱杀灯和瓦楞纸板诱集到锈赤扁谷盗和赤拟谷盗的数量都有增加和波动,瓦楞纸板诱集到谷蠹的数量变化很小。     

植物次生物质对食烟夜蛾科昆虫的影响

植物次生物质是植物自卫的武器,它对昆虫的影响及昆虫对其的适应反映了植物-昆虫的协同进化。本文就植物次生物质对烟草主要几种食叶性害虫的生长发育、物质代谢及酶系统影响研究情况进行了综述。并就烟草害虫防治实践上如何利用植物次生产物提出了几点看法。     

茉莉酸甲酯诱导烟草抗斜纹夜蛾的作用

研究了不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对烟草过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、胰蛋白酶抑制剂和胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂的诱导作用及其时间效应,并对不同处理烟叶对斜纹夜蛾生长的影响进行了生物学测定。结果表明:烟草喷施不同浓度MeJA后,局部和系统叶片组织内系列氧化酶活性和蛋白酶抑制剂含量显著增加。斜纹夜蛾取食不同处理的烟株叶片后,其相对生长速率明显降低;2.4mmol/LMeJA的处理能诱导烟株产生最强的防卫应答,且能持续较长的时间。     

Defense by Volatiles in Leaf-Mining Insect Larvae

The defense strategy of an insect toward natural enemies can include a trait that appears at first sight to contradict its defensive function. We explored phylogeny, chemistry, and defense efficiency of a peculiar group of hymenopteran sawfly larvae where this contradiction is obvious. Pseudodineurini larvae live in leaf mines that protect them from some enemies. Disturbed larvae also emit a clearly perceptible lemon-like odor produced by ventral glands, although the mine hampers the evaporation of the secretion. The mine could also lead to autointoxication of a larva by its own emitted volatiles. Citral was the major component in all Pseudodineurini species, and it efficiently repels ants. We conclude that full-grown larvae that leave their mine to pupate in the soil benefit from citral by avoiding attacks from ground-dwelling arthropods such as ants. In some species, we also detected biosynthetically related compounds, two 8-oxocitral diastereomers (i.e., (2E,6E)- and (2E,6Z)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dienedial). Synthetic 8-oxocitral proved to be a potent fungicide, but not an ant repellent. The discrete distribution of 8-oxocitral was unrelated to species grouping in the phylogenetic tree. In contrast, we discovered that its presence was associated with species from humid and cold zones but absent in species favoring warm and dry environments. The former should be protected by 8-oxocitral when faced with a fungal infestation while crawling into the soil. Our work shows the importance of integrating knowledge about behavior, morphology, and life history stages for understanding the complex evolution of insects and especially their defense strategies.     

基于MATLAB的储粮害虫图像处理方法

在对粮虫图像处理过程中,介绍了Matlab图像处理工具箱中的函数,给出了图像处理与分析的技术实现,边缘检测及轮廓提取,通过形态学方法进行图像特征抽取与分析,达到了比较好的效果．     

Low-temperature biological microscopy and analysis I

The images of complex biological structures seen in the electron microscope, possessing an n-fold rotational symmetry, can be enhanced by averaging the axially repeating motif in order to improve their signal-to-noise ratio; this requires that the slices with n-fold symmetry do not exhibit distortions relative to one another. A strategy is proposed to detect the relative distortions and to remove them in order to obtain reliable results from the averaging process. Extensive use is made of cross-correlation analysis and of interpolation; because the procedure involves iterated resampling of the image, it is essential to adopt interpolation algorithms which preserve the spectral power. The procedure is illustrated by the analysis of transverse sections of the sperm flagellum axoneme of a stick insect; it might be used for the reconstruction of microtubules, nuclear pore complexes, virus capsids, and other supramolecular aggregates. The reconstructed images of axoneme sections reveal new information about the interactions between adjacent doublets; in particular, a double conjunction connecting the inner dynein arm with the nearest B-tubule has been consistently observed.     

Growth characteristics of a Bombyx mori insect cell line in stationary and suspension cultures

The growth characteristics of the BM-5 insect cell line of Bombyx mori (silkworm) have been experimentally investigated in order to develop optimal growth protocols when these cells are used to produce large quantities of biopesticides or human proteins by recombinant baculoviruses. Experiments were performed in 2 mL wells and 200 mL spinner flasks. Spinner flasks were operated at 80 rpm with 0.3% methyl cellulose (MCL) added to the medium in order to protect the cells from liquid shear stress. In addition to the effect of agitation rate and amount of MCL added to the medium, the cell response during the adaptation to growth in suspension from stationary cultures is reported. Exposure of the cells to varying nutrient and metabolite concentrations is accomplished through batch and repeated-batch modes in 2 mL wells. The results imply that glutamine is a limiting nutrient and lactate has an inhibitory effect on cell growth. Ammonia depletion from the medium was accompanied by uric acid accumulation, suggesting that ammonia is converted to this metabolic product by the “uricotelic” and “nucleicolytic” metabolic pathways.     

Interspecific Differences in Aethia Spp. Auklet Odorants and Evidence for Chemical Defense Against Ectoparasites

The true auklets (Genus Aethia) are small planktivorous seabirds of the Bering Sea and North Pacific. Two species, the crested and whiskered auklets produce volatile citrus-like odorants. We here show that the whiskered auklet odorant is composed predominantly of two odd-numbered aldehydes (heptanal and nonanal) with no detectable unsaturated aldehydes. By comparison the crested auklet odorant is dominated by even-numbered aldehydes, both saturated and monounsaturated, ranging in size from 6 to 12 carbons. This is evidence of species-specific acquisition or biosynthetic pathways. We clarify the chemistry of the crested auklet odorant. We cite evidence that the C-12:1 aldehyde in crested auklets is actually two isomers, (Z)-4-dodecenal and (Z)-6-dodecenal. We also report on experimental evidence that aldehyde constituents kill and repel ectoparasites. Efficacy of the aldehydes may increase when they are combined in a mixture. The repellency of the mixture increases with chemical concentration. This suggests that individuals with higher chemical production are likely to repel ectoparasites more effectively.