Phosphate sorption isotherms in relation to P nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The phosphate sorption isotherms are needed to explain differential plant responses to P fertilization in soils. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments investigated the use of phosphorus sorption isotherms in relation to P fertilizer requirement of wheat in ten benchmark soils of Punjab, India. The modified Mitscherlich Equation (3) was used to describe plant response observed in different soils. Maximum obtainable yield (MOY) ranged from 11.6 g pot^–1 in Gurdaspur (I) sandy clay loam to 7.0 g pot^–1 in Nabha sandy clay loam. Response to P applied @ 25 mg P kg^–1 soil was maximum (77%) in Bathinda sand and minimum in Chuharpur clay loam (33%). The response curvature varied from 3.74 × 10^–2 in Nabha sandy clay loam to 4.43 × 10^–2 in Kanjli sandy loam. The soil solution P required to produce optimum yield (90% MOY) varied from 1.61 µg ml^–1 in Bathinda sand to 0.10 µg ml^–1 in Sadhugarh clay. Dry matter yield obtained at 0.2 µg ml^–1 solution P concentration ranged from 55% in Bathinda sand to 85% of MOY in Gurdaspur (II) clay loam. At the same solution P concentration (0.1 µg P ml^–1), dry matter yield was 91% in Sadhugarh clay, 80% in Gurdaspur (II) clay loam and, 43% of MOY in Bathinda sand and eventually coincided with the decreasing maximum buffer capacity (MBC) in these soils. At the same level of sorbed P (100 mg P kg^–1 soil) the yield was observed to be inversely proportional to MBC. The study, therefore, concludes that, soils should be grouped according to their P sorption characteristics and MBC before using critical soil solution P as a criterion for obtaining optimum yields.     

不同引渠形式下深式短管进口泄流能力的试验研究

为研究红岩河水库导流泄洪洞深式短管进口引渠形式由明渠改成涵洞后对其泄洪能力的影响,对其在明渠和涵洞两种形式下分别做水工模型试验,验证其水力特性。结果表明,较明渠形式,涵洞形式下的导流泄洪洞同水位下泄流量有不同程度的减小,下泄流量减小在导流泄洪洞进口为压力流状态时表现明显,且减小值随水位的升高而变大;大坝度汛期100年一遇洪水时,试验下泄流量较设计下泄流量约小6.35%;运行期100年一遇洪水时,试验下泄流量较设计下泄流量约小6.51%;运行期2 000年一遇洪水时,试验下泄流量较设计下泄流量约小6.95%。建议在将红岩河水库导流泄洪洞深式短管进口引渠由明渠改成涵洞形式后,需关注导流泄洪洞的下泄流量减小问题,避免由于水库下泄流量不足引起的大坝安全问题。     

裂纹起裂角预测方法研究

本文提出一个新的屈服准则,该屈服准则适用于岩石类材料的小范围屈服,旨在预测弹塑性材料的破坏行为,基于该屈服准则,推导出了I型,II型以及I-II混合型裂纹尖端塑性区半径并对在单轴拉伸和纯剪切等荷载作用下的裂纹尖端塑性区进行了分析。结果显示,荷载加载方式、裂纹倾斜角和材料内摩擦角对塑性区的形状与大小有显著影响。根据对裂纹尖端塑性区的分析,基于如下假设：裂纹沿塑性区最短路径扩展,本文在提出的屈服准则的基础上导出了新的断裂准则,该准则可预测裂纹开裂初始角。相较于其他断裂准则,文献实验结果与本文提出的准则吻合地更好,能更加精确的预测裂纹的起裂角。     

自密实混凝土叠合剪力墙屈服位移计算方法

在平截面假定的基础上,根据自密实混凝土(SCC)叠合剪力墙的受力特点,提出了其顶端屈服位移的计算方法,并用5个SCC叠合剪力墙试件的屈服位移试验值进行验证。通过计算分析,得到了轴压比、混凝土强度、分布钢筋的配筋率、锚固钢筋的配筋率与SCC叠合剪力墙屈服位移之间的关系。研究结果表明：在设计中选择经济合理的锚固钢筋配筋率、限制SCC叠合剪力墙的轴压比以及适当增加混凝土强度可以提高墙体在屈服状态的变形能力;提出的计算方法合理可靠,求得的计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

基于六西格玛的电池组自动焊合格率改善策略

通过电池组自动电阻焊的实验研究,采用六西格玛理论分析出对自动电阻焊缺陷最显著影响因素,并针对不同的电阻焊缺陷提出改进措施。从改善后的FEMA看,各种影响电池组焊接缺陷的因素有很大改善,电阻焊后续制程在手动转自动化过程中,需要采用六西格玛的方法进行质量控制与分析,最终采取适当的改善措施,实现电池组自动电阻焊的质量可靠性保证。     

Cadmium in agricultural soils,vegetables and rice and potential health risk in vicinity of Dabaoshan Mine in Shaoguan,China

Soil cadmium （Cd） contamination resulted from mining and smelting is a major environmental concern,and health risk associated with Cd exposure to multi-media through muti-pathway is increasing.Cd concentrations in soils,vegetables and paddy rice were investigated,and potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks exposure to Cd were estimated at six villages around the Dabaoshan Mine,South China.A total of 87 soil samples were found to exceed the China＇s maximum permission level （MPL） for Cd,while the highest value of 4.42 mg/kg was found near irrigation ditch associated with Hengshi River in Xinyi （XY） Village.Cd contents in vegetables and rice exceeded the maximum permissible concentration by more than five times in every village.Cadmium accumulation in plants is in the order of celery 〉 lactuca sativa L 〉 Chinese cabbage 〉 Romaine lettuce 〉 asparagus lettuce 〉 mustard 〉 cabbage mustard 〉 cabbage.The mean hazard quotient （HQ） of all villages is in the range of [5.29,25.75],and the mean values of cancer risk for investigated areas are more than 10 times greater than the USEPA （2009） threshold limit value of 10-4.Moreover,human non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks are mainly attributable to paddy rice intake,followed by vegetables intake,soil ingestion,inhalation,and dermal contact.The results indicate that Cd has a huge potential risk on human health for the local residents.     

Effect of fiber angle on LYP steel shear walls behavior简

Steel shear wall（SSW） was properly determined using numerical and experimental approaches.The properties of SSW and LYP（low yield point） steel shear wall（LSSW） were measured.It is revealed that LSSW exhibits higher properties compared to SSW in both elastic and inelastic zones.It is also concluded that the addition of CFRP（carbon fiber reinforced polymers） enhances the seismic parameters of LSSW（stiffness,energy absorption,shear capacity,over strength values）.Also,stress values applied to boundary frames are lower due to post buckling forces.The effect of fiber angle was also studied and presented as a mathematical equation.     

地震信息中富水特性的分析

地震勘探取得的地震资料中包含了丰富的地质信息,目前地震资料主要用于解决地质构造问题,其中蕴含的水和瓦斯等岩性信息没有得到充分利用.针对某矿勘探地震资料包含富水信息的反演成果与瞬变电磁法的探测范围及钻孔水文资料标定分析成果进行联合对比分析,吻合性较好.由此可见,从地震资料中提取富水信息是可行的,在实际运用中不仅为矿方提供更为准确的水文地质资料而且也节省了成本,取得了较好的经济效益.     

负氢离子释放剂对2-甲基-2-丁烯氢转移反应的影响

负氢离子转移反应是氢转移反应的基元反应,促进负氢离子转移反应可以强化选择性氢转移反应。在反应温度510 ℃、剂/油质量比5、质量空速12 h^-1、N₂气氛条件下,分别考察了四氢萘和十氢萘作为负氢离子释放剂对2-甲基-2-丁烯氢转移反应的影响。结果表明：四氢萘和十氢萘均能有效地促进2-甲基-2-丁烯发生选择性氢转移反应,产物中C₅烯烃产率由52.95%最低分别降至37.83%和17.03%,异戊烷产率由17.80%最高分别增加至42.98%和54.58%,焦炭产率由5.28%最低分别降至3.11%和2.85%;且十氢萘比四氢萘具有更好的供氢能力,相同含量的十氢萘对于产物中烯烃产率的降低幅度、异构烷烃产率和选择性的增加幅度的影响均比四氢萘更大,对焦炭产率的抑制作用更强。在含烯烃汽油中分别加入质量分数10%四氢萘和十氢萘后,烯烃产率由11.20%分别降低至5.48%和4.01%;同时能够很好地抑制焦炭的生成,尤其加入十氢萘后焦炭产率由5.30%降到2.82%。     

Method for calculating dynamic yield stress of fresh cement pastes using a coaxial cylinder system

The calculation of the rheological parameters of fresh cement pastes plays a key role in understanding the rheology of cement-based mixes. Because cement paste is not a simple Bingham fluid, a suitable nonlinear model must be found for characterizing its flow. A test system in which the rotational speed or shear rate can be changed in multiple steps is regarded as a suitable rheological test protocol because the paste reaches a steady state. Furthermore, theoretical derivations show that the solution of the Couette inverse problem corresponding to the modified Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley (H-B) model is complex. However, a comparative analysis revealed that the yield stress of fresh paste could easily be obtained through a calculation process based on a Parabolic model. This study presents the complete calculation procedure for this model. The influence of the plug flow is considered, and test points with low minimum shear stress (τ_min) are excluded. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with the results obtained using mini-cone slump tests. These results show that the dynamic yield stress calculated using the expression of the Couette inverse problem based on the Parabolic model in consideration of the plug flow is very close to the yield stress obtained using the mini-cone slump flow test. This proves that the proposed method could precisely characterize the dynamic yield stress of cement pastes.