Lowland rice response to potassium fertilization and its effect on N and P uptake

Not much is known about the response of lowland rice to K fertilization under Brazilian conditions. A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive years to determine the response of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to K fertilization on a Low Humic Gley soil. In the first two years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg K ha^–1. In the last two years K rates were reduced to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg K ha^–1 and applied in a band. Potassium significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yields but the response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Yield responses to K fertilization were superimposed on a general trend of increasing grain yields across the four growing seasons. Mean grain yields increased 14.3% with broadcast application of K in the first two years and 10.4% with banded application of K in the last two years when compared to the control treatments. Extractable soil K increased with K application rate and decreased with soil depth. Potassium was rapidly removed from the soil and yearly broadcast or banded application of K can be expected to result in a significant increase in grain yield of lowland rice in these soils.     

硼酸与硫酸镁对硼收率影响的分析

介绍了在硼酸生产工艺中影响硼收率的主要因素。以生产系统中硼酸浓度和硫酸镁两个方面探讨了对硼收率影响的原因，并把分析结果应用于生产实践中，调整了部分工艺参数。证明：调整酸化浓度，控制母液中硼酸含量，硼的收率比以往确有提高，是一种不增加设备，不增加投资的行之有效的方法。     

浅析预焙阳极配料控制

分析了粉料纯度及配料控制对炭阳极生产和炭阳极成品率的影响，结合中国铝业青海分公司的生产状况，从预焙阳极配料控制方面，就如何提高炭阳极成品率、保持生阳极生产工艺稳定进行论述。     

大庆常压渣油催化裂解反应规律研究

采用小型固定流化床实验装置,以大庆常压渣油为原料,针对Ca-Al裂解催化剂,详细分析了催化裂解气体产品和液体产品的组成,考察了反应温度、剂油比、水油比和停留时间对裂解产物分布的影响。发现各操作条件对大庆常渣催化裂解产物分布具有不同程度的影响,其中反应温度的影响最大;随反应温度的升高,乙烯产率单调增加,而丙烯、丁烯和总低碳烯烃产率均存在一个最大值。在优化的操作条件下,乙烯质量产率可达25%,总低碳烯烃质量产率超过50%。     

The Yield Stress of Gas/Liquid/Fibre Suspensions

Yield stress measurements of gas/liquid/fibre suspensions, were conducted to examine the effect of gas concentration as well as fibre concentration. Obtaining a well mixed stable pulp suspension with gas was difficult. A transparent model system consisting of glass fibres submersed in refractive index matched liquid gave stable suspensions and had the additional advantage of allowing visual observations. The measurements were performed in a baffled shear tester and concentrations were in the range of 0–12.5% vol. gas and 8–14% wt. fibres. Results show that yield stress decreases with increasing gas fraction for constant fibre concentrations. Since the fibre concentration is defined in the liquid phase, the amount of fibres decreases with increasing gas concentration. This fact alone partly explains the decrease in yield stress, but the gas also has a direct impact on the decrease in yield stress. Further, as expected, the yield stress increases with increasing fibre concentrations when the gas fraction is kept constant.     

Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield,oil content,nitrogen accumulation and water use of canola (Brassica napus L.)

Effects of N application and water supply on yield, oil content and N accumulation by canola, cultivar Marnoo, grown on a heavy clay soil in the Goulburn Murray Irrigation Region were investigated. Treatments were rainfed (R_f) or watered at a deficit of 50 mm (40–60 mm, I₅₀) beginning in the spring. N treatments were 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N ha^–1 at sowing or as split applications of 20/80, and 50/50 kg N ha^–1 at sowing and rosette, respectively.Yield (Y_g) ranged from 170 to 520 g m^–2. Irrigation and N increased yield in both years. Grain yields were increased by N application on the irrigated treatments when 100 or 200 kg N ha^–1 was applied. Oil concentrations ranged from a maximum of 46.4% in treatment N₀ to a minimum of 40.6% in treatment N₂₀₀ and was inversely related to seed N concentration. Although fertilizer N decreased oil concentration, it increased the yield of oil.Nitrogen accumulation (N_b) limited yield of all treatments and was described by the equation, Y_g = 806[1-EXP(–0.039*N_b)]. This implied a decrease in yield per unit of N_b at the higher rates of fertilizer addition with consequent increases in grain N concentration.The efficiency of water use in the production of grain (WUE_g) and biomass (WUE_b) were 7.5 and 23 kg ha^–1 mm^–1 respectively. Nitrogen additions increased WUE_g and WUE_b in both seasons. Maximum values of 8.9 (WUE_g 1986) and 26.8 (WUE_b 1987) were measured from treatment N₂₀₀. These data suggest that the crops made efficient use of the applied water.     

短纤维直径对橡胶复合材料性能的影响

制备了 3种具有不同直径、相同长径比及其分布的涤纶短纤维增强氯丁橡胶基复合材料。对屈服强度及伸长率、断裂强度及伸长率以及撕裂强度等力学性能的研究发现 :在相同长径比及其分布情况下 ,与传统混合法则不同的是屈服强度和伸长率不相等 ,也不是只取决于短纤维的直径 ,而是受直径和长度的共同作用 ;在相同的纤维体积分数时 ,复合材料的断裂强度基本相同 ,而断裂形变和撕裂强度随纤维直径的减小而增大     

引江济淮工程水源区论证分析

水源区论证是引调水工程前期工作的重要内容。引江济淮工程调水规模大且水源区受影响因素多、影响涉及范围广,因此,对该工程水源区进行论证较为复杂。在开展有关规划依据、经济社会发展需求分析的基础上,对引江济淮工程进行了取水合理性分析;在考虑规划水平年工程取水水源论证范围内水库群的联合调度、增耗水以及跨流域调水等因素的基础上,对水源的可靠性进行了分析,同时,也对工程给水源区水文情势、水域主要功能和纳污能力、咸潮上溯等方面可能受到的影响进行了分析研究。分析结果表明,引江济淮工程取水合理、水源可靠、对水源区造成的影响较小。     

外力作用速度对PVC试样拉伸性能的影响

分析了PVC的拉伸过程,讨论了外力作用速度对PVC的影响.结果表明:PVC的拉伸屈服强度随外力作用速度的提高而提高,断裂伸长率却随之下降.     

提高克劳斯硫回收装置收率的方法

基于某厂克劳斯硫回收装置,对影响克劳斯硫回收率的因素进行分析,发现反应温度、酸气组成、催化剂、工艺及设备等因素对硫回收率产生重要影响;提出了改进措施来提高克劳斯硫回收装置的回收率,包括:①使用主、副调节阀减小酸性气流量变化的影响;②应用在线分析仪,控制反应计量比;③采用预热空气和酸性气等方法处理含NH3酸性气;④选用性能好的催化剂;⑤调节高温掺合阀开度,控制一级转化器操作温度;⑥采用过程气换热器加热,通过旁路来控制二级转化器操作温度。