柴油机进气涡流始稳面形成的判断准则

通过对气缸内空气动量矩流率的分析 ,提出了柴油机进气涡流始稳面形成的一个新判据———动量矩流率准则 ,即缸内空气主涡流动量矩流率与缸内空气总动量矩流率近似相等时 ,就形成了始稳面。利用该准则分析了四气门柴油机进气涡流的形成过程。     

积分中值屈服准则解析厚板轧制椭圆速度场

为解决非线性Mises比塑性功率积分困难以及由此导致的轧制功率解析式难以获得的问题,本文通过建立并利用线性比塑性功率表达式对提出的椭圆速度场进行能量分析,得到了轧制力能参数的解析解.文中通过对变角度屈服函数求积分中值,构建了一个新的屈服准则,它是主应力分量的线性组合,在π平面上的轨迹是逼近Mises圆的等边非等角的十二边形,其基于Lode参数表达式的理论结果也与实验数据吻合较好.同时,根据厚板轧制时金属流动速度从入口到出口逐渐增大的特点,提出了水平速度分量满足椭圆方程的速度场,该速度场满足运动许可条件.通过相应的轧制能量分析,获得了基于线性屈服准则的内部变形功率以及基于应变矢量内积法上的摩擦功率与剪切功率.在此之上,通过泛函的极值变分导出了轧制力矩、轧制力以及应力状态系数的解析解,并与现场实测数据进行了对比,结果表明利用本文提出的屈服准则与速度场所建立的轧制力矩与轧制力模型与实测值吻合较好,其中轧制力误差小于5.3%,轧制力矩误差在6%左右.     

Development of a unified viscoplasticity constitutive model based on classical plasticity theory

The traditional unified viscoplasticity constitutive model can be only applied to metal materials. The study of the unified constitutive theory for metal materials has discovered the correlation between the classical plasticity theory and the unified viscoplasticity constitutive model, thus leading to the concepts of the classic plastic potential and yield surface in the unified constitutive model. Moreover, this research has given the continuous expression of the classical plastic multiplier and presented the corresponding constructive method, which extends its physical significance and lays down a good foundation for the application of the unified constitutive theory to the material analysis in more fields. This paper also introduces the unified constitutive model for metal materials and geo-materials. The numerical simulation indicates that the construction should be both reasonable and practical. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90410012)     

SCS模型在黄土丘陵因子径流场中的应用

因为黄土区中小流域地形地貌复杂,影响径流的水气象资料较难获取,故在无资料地区的小流域设置因子径流场对降雨产流进行预报和计算;利用美国水土保持局提出的降雨SCS计算模型对因子径流场径流量进行了分析计算．结果表明,计算值与实测值拟合效果较好,能够满足同类地区对因子径流场产流量的预报．另外,因子径流场具有资料易于获得,且简便易观测等特点．     

卸荷区岩体屈服准则

由于工程建设的需要,常常要进行岩体的开挖,岩体开挖以后,地应力释放,岩体应力重新分布,大部分岩体处于卸荷的状态.由于卸荷条件下岩体的屈服特性与加载条件下岩体的屈服特性有本质的区别,因此由加载试验所得到的C-M屈服准则将不再适用于卸荷区岩体.结合卸荷条件下岩体会出现拉应力和拉剪应力的特征,以试验数据为依据,拟合出了适用于卸荷区岩体的抛物线型C-M屈服准则,并推导了抛物线型Coulomb-Mohr屈服准则的抛物线型Drucker-Prager准则的外接圆、内接圆、内切圆类型,比较了抛物线型Coulomb-Mohr准则与Hoek-Brown准则的异同.     

含统一屈服面的非饱和黏性土弹塑性本构模型

首先将非饱和土巴塞罗那基本模型(Barcelona basic model,BBM)中的加载湿陷(loading collapse,LC)屈服面和吸力增加(suction increase,SI)屈服面统一为一个光滑的屈服面,然后基于弹塑性理论导出相应的弹塑性本构模型.统一屈服面的优点是可以进行LC屈服和SI屈服二者之间的耦合分析,即能模拟净应力和吸力同时变化的加载路径.此外,由于所建模型的屈服面没有尖点,因而可以简化数值模拟计算.所建模型共有14个参数,其中12个与非饱和土的物理力学性质和塑性屈服特性有关,另外2个与土的塑性硬化特性有关,所有参数都可通过非饱和土室内控制吸力的三轴等压和剪切试验确定.所建模型的模拟结果与本次试验研究及已发表文献中试验数据的对比表明,二者之间有较好的吻合,说明所建模型的合理性及有一定的实用价值.     

依靠新的理论技术推动节水灌溉研究的突破

在总结我国节水灌溉研究现状的基础上，分析了新的灌溉评价理论、3S技术(地理信息系统、卫星定位系统、遥感)、转基因工程等理论与技术在节水灌溉研究方面的应用前景。作者认为，节水灌溉研究的突破必须依靠新的相关理论与技术来支撑。     

投资组合风险的均值方差分析

综述了现代投资组合理论,总结了在保证投资收益的基础上能有效降低投资组合风险的数学方法,验证了投资组合理论的正确性,并指出了均值方差分析方法在实际运用中的局限性.     

早冠丝瓜406新品种的选育

早冠丝瓜406是以S4为母本、X06为父本配制而成的一代杂种.极早熟,植株主蔓分枝性强,生长性强盛;雌花节位低,首朵雌花着生于主蔓第5节~7节,采收期为播种后58 d^60 d开始;嫩瓜呈长棒形,果端较圆,果皮深绿色,单果重0.5 kg^0.9 kg,果实纵径42 cm^50 cm,横径3.7 cm^4.2 cm,前期产量为16772.0 kg/hm^2,总产量可达47447.5 kg/hm^2.适合长江流域、云贵高原及湖南地区早春设施和露地栽培.     

Effect of anaerobic reactor process configuration on useful energy production

The effect of reactor process configuration on anaerobic production of useful energy (hydrogen and methane) from a complex substrate was investigated for the following reactor systems: suspended growth, two-phase mixed, two-stage mixed, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, and two-phase UASB. The mixed two-phase and two-stage configurations yielded the highest specific energy productions of 13.3 and 13.4 kJ/g COD fed, respectively. Reactor process configuration influenced microbial pathways in acidogenic reactors in that butyrate was the predominant volatile acid in phased configurations, whereas acetate was predominant in the staged configuration. The UASB reactor achieved the highest average daily energy production per reactor volume of 101 kJ/L reactor-d. All reactor configurations achieved high COD removals on the order of 99%. However, hydrogen represented only 3% of the total energy produced by the two-phase mixed and two-phase UASB configurations. Theoretical analysis revealed that the maximum specific energy production by the two-phase suspended-growth configuration is only 9% higher than that for a single-stage mixed reactor. Consequently, the production of hydrogen from complex substrates in these process configurations does not seem to be justifiable solely from an energy point of view. Instead, it is suggested that phased anaerobic systems should be considered primarily for improved process stability whereas resultant hydrogen production is of secondary benefit.