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61.
激光远距作用的机制与效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文定量分析激光远距作用的机理并对它们在治癌中的作用作简要的论述。 相似文献
62.
A series of polyurethane microcapsules containing a phase change material (PCM) of n‐octadecane was successfully synthesized by an interfacial polymerization in aqueous styrene‐maleic anhydride (SMA) dispersion with diethylene triamine (DETA) as a chain extender reacting with toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI). The average diameter of microPCMs is in the range of 5–10 μm under the stirring speed of 3000–4000 rpm. Optical and SEM morphologies of microPCMs had ensured that the shell was regularly fabricated with the influence of SMA. FTIR results confirmed that the shell material was polyurethane and the SMA chains associated on core material reacted with TDI forming a part of shell material. The shell thickness was decreasing in the range of 0.31–0.55 μm with the molar ratio of DETA/TDI from 0.84 to 1.35 and the weight of core material increasing from 40 to 80% (wt %). By controlling the weight ratio of PCM as 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% in microPCMs, it was found using DSC that the Tm and Tc of microPCMs were in the range of 29.8–31.0oC and 21.1–22.0°C and an obvious phase change had been achieved nearly the same temperature range of that of PCM. The results from release curves of microPCM samples prepared by 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0 g of SMA indicated the release properties were affected by the amount of the dispersant, which attributed to the emulsion effect and shell polymerization structure. The above results suggest that the shell structure of microPCMs can be controlled and the properties of microPCMs determined by shell will perform proper practical usage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4996–5006, 2006 相似文献
63.
38MnSiVS5 steel is similar to 38MnVS6 steel (EN), the difference being the addition of a small Ti content. Typical Ti and Al contents in the chemical composition of 38MnSiVS5 steel are Ti=0.020 and Al=0.035 mass%. Both elements combine easily with nitrogen, especially Ti, and it has been observed that relatively high Al levels are harmful for austenite grain size control at reheating temperatures. In this work 38MnSiVS5 steel is used to manufacture a large number of castings, varying only the Ti and Al contents and obtaining ingots with a different Ti/Al ratio in each case. The results show that abnormal growth of the austenitic grain occurs irrespective of the Ti and Al contents, due fundamentally to the partial dissolution and coarsening of TiN precipitates. However, the steels with high Al contents present worse behaviour due to the formation of a second type of precipitates, namely AIN, which quickly dissolve between 1000 and 1100°C, causing a drastic decline in local pinning forces that gives rise to more pronounced abnormal growth of the affected grains. 相似文献
64.
Food products can be high‐pressure processed (HPP) either in bulk or prepackaged in flexible or semi‐rigid packaging materials. In the latter case the packaging material is subjected, together with the food, to high‐pressure treatment. A number of studies have been performed to quantify the effects of high‐pressure processing on the physical and barrier properties of the packaging material, since the integrity of the package during and after processing is of paramount importance to the safety and quality of the food product. This article reviews the results of published research concerning the effect of HPP on packaging materials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
65.
66.
IMP2, a nuclear gene controlling the mitochondrial dependence of galactose, maltose and raffinose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The IMP2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in the nucleo-mitochondrial control of maltose, galactose and raffinose utilization as shown by the inability of imp2 mutants to grow on these carbon sources in respiratory-deficient conditions or in the presence of ethidium bromide and erythromycin. The negative phenotype cannot be scored in the presence of inhibitors of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, indicating that the role of the mitochondria in the utilization of the above-mentioned carbon sources in imp2 mutants is not at the energetical level. Mutations in the IMP2 gene also confer many phenotypic alterations in respiratory-sufficient conditions, e.g. leaky phenotype on oxidizable carbon sources, sensitivity to heat shock and sporulation deficiency. The IMP2 gene has been cloned, sequenced and disrupted. The phenotype of null imp2 mutants is indistinguishable from that of the originally isolated mutant. 相似文献
67.
A series of short fibre reinforced styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were prepared by incorporating sisal fibres of
different lengths and different concentrations. The vulcanization behaviour and the properties of the vulcanizates were measured
by the relevant ASTM procedures. The processing characteristics such as green strength and mill shrinkage were improved by
the addition of fibres. The properties like tensile strength, tear strength, moduli at 10% and 20% elongations were found
to be maximum for composites containing longitudinally oriented fibres of length 6 mm. Mixes containing 35 phr loading of
fibres and bonding agent showed better mechanical performance than others. The failure behaviour of tensile and tear specimens
have been analysed by scanning electron microscopy techniques.
Paper presented at the poster session of MRSI AGM VI, Kharagpur, 1995 相似文献
68.
In this paper, the microstructure of a 1 wt.% Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst that was reduced in a 4% hydrogen/argon atmosphere at temperatures of 523, 773 and 1073 K, is studied by Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Results show that the copper species are well dispersed when the catalyst is reduced below 523 K. At 773 K, separated Cu(I) and Cu(0) species are found existing as ring-like and bulk-like particles. This appears to indicate that the copper has not been reduced to its metallic form due to the interaction between the copper oxide and the support. Large spherical particles having core-shell structures with Cu(I) in the shells and Cu(0) in the cores are generated when the catalyst is reduced at 1073 K. The formation of partially oxidized copper species upon reduction at 1073 K is attributed to the metallic copper interaction with the alumina support. This study also demonstrates that high-spatial resolution Z-contrast imaging and EELS performed simultaneously can provide unique information on the morphology and chemistry of metal species in supported metal catalysts. 相似文献
69.
A new interaction integral formulation is developed for evaluating the elastic T-stress for mixed-mode crack problems with
arbitrarily oriented straight or curved cracks in orthotropic nonhomogeneous materials. The development includes both the
Lekhnitskii and Stroh formalisms. The former is physical and relatively simple, and the latter is mathematically elegant.
The gradation of orthotropic material properties is integrated into the element stiffness matrix using a “generalized isoparametric
formulation” and (special) graded elements. The specific types of material gradation considered include exponential and hyperbolic-tangent
functions, but micromechanics models can also be considered within the scope of the present formulation. This paper investigates
several fracture problems to validate the proposed method and also provides numerical solutions, which can be used as benchmark
results (e.g. investigation of fracture specimens). The accuracy of results is verified by comparison with analytical solutions. 相似文献
70.
Morphology of intermetallic compounds formed between lead-free Sn-Zn based solders and Cu substrates
The morphologies of intermetallic compounds formed between Sn-Zn based solders and Cu substrates were investigated in this
study. The investigated solders were Sn-9Zn, Sn-8.55Zn-0.45Al, and Sn-8.55Zn-0.45Al-0.5Ag. The experimental results indicated
that the Sn-9Zn solder formed Cu5Zn8 and CuZn5 compounds on the Cu substrate, while the Al-containing solders formed the Al4.2Cu3.2Zn0.7 compound. The addition of Ag to the Sn-8.55Zn-0.45Al solder resulted in the formation of the AgZn3 compound at the interface between the Al4.2Cu3.2Zn0.7 compound and the solder. Furthermore, it was found that the cooling rate of the specimen after soldering had an effect on
the quantity of AgZn3 compound formed at the interface. The AgZn3 compound formed with an air-cooling condition exhibited a rougher surface and larger size than with a water-quenched condition.
It was believed that the formation of the AgZn3 compound at the interface occurs through heterogenous nucleation during solidification. 相似文献