冷藏海鲈鱼优势腐败菌的筛选和鉴定

分离鉴定4 ℃冷藏条件下海鲈鱼的优势腐败菌,通过选择性培养基筛选获得单一菌株,对各菌株进行致腐能力的测定,确定冷藏海鲈鱼的优势腐败菌。对冷藏海鲈鱼的优势腐败菌进行菌落形态观察及部分生理生化实验、16S rDNA分子鉴定。结果表明,有4 株冷藏海鲈鱼优势腐败菌,其中1 株为草莓假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fragi）,1 株为腐败希瓦氏菌（Shewanella putrefaciens）,其余2 株为假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.）。在4 ℃冷藏条件下,草莓假单胞菌的致腐能力最强,其次是腐败希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌。     

小扁豆中多酚物质的提取与组分鉴定

采用有机溶剂法提取小扁豆中多酚类物质,利用响应面试验(RSD)对提取工艺条件进行优化,并采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对提取物进行分析和鉴定。结果表明,当料液比1︰190(m︰V),提取温度82.60℃,丙酮浓度12.96%时小扁豆多酚平均产率可达到26.94%(m/m)。分析结果显示:采用该方法提取的小扁豆多酚主要由没食子酸、香草醛、香豆酸、芦丁、槲皮素等物质组成。     

Antibacterial Constituents of Hainan Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Leaves

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is an edible and medicinal plant distributed in Hainan, China. The antibacterial activities of the extracts of water (WE), petroleum ether (PEE), ethyl acetate (EAE), chloroform (CE), and n‐butanol (BE) were assayed by the disk diffusion method. The results showed that the extracts from Noni leaves possessed antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus. Among 5 different extracts, the BE produced the best antibacterial activity. The samples were first extracted by ethanol, and the primary compounds in the BE fraction of ethanol extract was further isolated and identified. Six phenolic compounds, including 5, 15‐dimethylmorindol, ferulic acid, p‐hydroxycinamic acid, methyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, methyl ferulate, and methyl 4‐hydroxycinnamate, were identifiedby NMR. The results indicated that the phenolic compounds might significantly contribute to antibacterial activities of Noni leaves.     

Combining culture‐dependent and culture‐independent molecular methods for the isolation and purification of a potentially novel anaerobic species from pit mud in a Chinese liquor distillery

Strain S12–27–1‐3‐5 (a potentially novel anaerobic species) with a 16S rRNA sequence homology of <97% was isolated and purified from pit mud by combining culture‐dependent and culture‐independent molecular methods, such as cloning of 16S rRNA, amplified rRNA restriction analysis, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain S12–27–1‐3‐5 was related to Aminobacterium mobile strain ILE‐3 DSM 12262^T and Aminobacterium colombiense strain DSM 12261^T (95 and 96% similarity value, respectively). The results verified that cloning of the 16S rRNA was efficient to identify whether a potentially new bacterial taxon existed in impure isolates and that the DGGE method was a powerful tool for screening the target bacteria and for identifying duplicate strains. Therefore, the application of the culture‐independent molecular methods for the isolation and purification of a potentially novel species was effective. Strain S12–27–1‐3‐5 (= DSM 27871 = JCM 19605 = CICC 10731^T) was an anaerobic amino acid‐degrading bacterium. The results of fermentation experiments demonstrated that strain S12–27–1‐3‐5 produced volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and the presence of Methanosarcina barkeri enhanced the generation of VFAs, which contribute to the aroma composition of Chinese liquor. This work could enrich the species resources and promote the development and utilization of an uncultured species. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

尾菜青贮乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其培养条件研究

从泡菜中分离鉴定适合尾菜（废弃白菜叶、青笋叶）青贮的乳酸菌,获得产酸能力强、青贮效果好的2株菌株SD2和SD4,并对其培养条件进行研究。结果表明,菌株SD2、SD4最适培养温度分别为35 ℃、37 ℃;最适培养时间分别为20 h、16 h;最适初始pH值均为6.5;最适接种量均为6%。菌株SD2和SD4分别在30 ℃条件下进行尾菜发酵7 d后,pH值均＜4.0,乳酸菌活菌数＞1×108 CFU/g。对菌株SD2和SD4进行形态学、生化检测及16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定菌株SD2为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,菌株SD4为发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）。     

Denitrogenation of carbazole by a novel strain Bacillus Clausii BS1 isolated from Egyptian Coke

In this study, an effective enrichment technique was applied to isolate different bacterial strains with capabilities to denitrogenate carbazole (CAR), as a model compound for nitrogenous polyaromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). Twenty-four different CAR-denitrogenating bacterial strains were isolated from mineral coke samples. From all, a Gram +ve bacterial isolate designated BS1 showed a higher biodenitrogenation (BDN) efficiency relevant to the well-known biodenitrogenating bacterium strain Pseudomonas resinovorans CA10, recording 77.15 and 60.66% removal of 1000 ppm CAR with the production of 119.79 and 102.43 ppm anthranilic acid, and 121.19 and 90.33 ppm catechol, as by-products, respectively. BS1 was identified by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis to be Bacillus clausii BS1 (NCBI GenBank Accession no. KF985981) with a similarity of 99.14%. The CAR-BDN pathway was also elucidated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis (GC/MS), which proved further metabolism of catechol to muconic acid.     

苯甲酸降解菌的分离鉴定及其对烤烟幼苗生长的影响

为降低烟草连作对烟叶产量和品质以及烟草生长发育带来的不良影响,通过平板筛选和摇床复筛,从烤烟根系分泌物中筛选出一株能高效降解苯甲酸的菌株。结果表明,根据rDNA-ITS的扩增及序列分析、培养特征及形态特征观察初步鉴定该菌株为黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus);该菌株培养15 d内,在0~800 μmol/L苯甲酸浓度范围内能够正常生长,800~1600 μmol/L苯甲酸浓度范围内生长受到一定程度抑制;该降解菌在以苯甲酸为唯一碳源的800 μmol/L浓度LBA培养基中菌株干重、降解率均达到最大,菌株干重为0.765 g,降解率为19.98%;菌株在培养至第9天时降解速率达到最快,为8.5 mg/d;烤烟幼苗生长过程中施加降解菌液能在一定程度上降低根系分泌物的抑制作用。该降解菌株在盆栽试验中能够降低根系分泌物对烤烟的自毒作用,使微生物菌株降解烤烟自毒物质来克服连作障碍成为可能。     

鳕鱼酶解液苦味肽的纯化鉴定

本文利用DA201-C大孔树脂对鳕鱼肉碱性蛋白酶酶解液进行脱盐后,用SP Sephadex C-25阳离子交换层析和反相高效液相色谱等方法对鳕鱼肉酶解液进行分离纯化,最终得到了浓度较高的两种苦味肽。将得到的苦味肽采用液相色谱-飞行时间串联质谱(LC-TOF-MS/MS)技术对多肽结构进行鉴定,确定其氨基酸序列分别为:HWPWMK(His-Trp-Pro-Trp-Met-Lys)和AVVLII(Ala-ValVal-Leu-Ile-Ile)。同时本文采用感官评定与多肽Q值相结合的方法对苦味进行评价,通过氨基酸分析仪对苦味样品进行氨基酸组成的测定,得出具有苦味的C7和S9组分的Q值分别为6.03 k J/mol和6.79 k J/mol,通过感官评定得出其苦味强度为:9±0.8和8.2±1.6。鉴定得到的苦味肽S9purity和S10purity的Q值分别为:8.85 k J/mol和8.53 k J/mol,苦味强度为:9.4±0.8和8.9±0.9。本文从鳕鱼肉酶解液中分离纯化得到的苦味肽为苦味肽家族增添了新成员,为下一步的研究提供了原料和实验基础。     

徽派黄酒关键香气化合物的分离、鉴定与香气特征分析

本文以气相色谱-质谱法结合气相色谱-嗅闻和定量感官评价法对徽派黄酒关键香气化合物进行了分离及鉴定,并对其香气特征进行了分析。共从徽派黄酒中分离及鉴定出65种挥发性化合物,其中酸类8种、醇类12种、酯类16种、醛/酮类8种、呋喃类5种、酚类5种、含氮化合物3种、含硫化合物3种以及其他化合物5种。与对照相比(古越龙山黄酒),两者分离及鉴定出的化合物种类高度相似(87%),但各化合物相对含量存在一定差异。通过气相色谱-嗅闻法从徽派黄酒和对照中均鉴定出19种关键香气化合物,主要赋予黄酒酸、醇、果、花、窖、焦、烟气和药香。感官评价结果显示徽派黄酒醇香和曲香和焦香突出,诸香协调;对照醇香、曲香和果香突出,诸香协调。通过上述方法鉴定出了徽派黄酒中的关键香气化合物,与对照相比徽派黄酒具有自身独特的香气特征。     

食品中kokumi物质的研究进展

随着食品工业的发展和人们生活水平的提高,单一的味觉特性不再能满足人们的需求。食物的有些风味特性无法用苦、酸、咸、鲜和甜来描述,比如食物的浓厚感、持久性和复杂感,以及由此引起的一系列的增强食物整体的圆润平衡的感觉,我们将具有以上特性的物质称为kokumi。Kokumi物质本身没有味道或者味道很淡,但添加少量的kokumi物质到基本溶液中便可以引起滋味品尝方面的改变。本文综述了kokumi物质的类别、检测方法和分离鉴定方法,分析了肽类和非肽类kokumi物质的物质组成和特点;比较了感官评价法和钙敏感受体法(Ca SR)在对kokumi物质进行初步检测方面的优势和不足;阐述了分离鉴定kokumi物质常用的方法如超滤、凝胶过滤色谱和反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)、飞行质谱(TOF-MS)。本文综述了国内外关于kokumi物质的研究,为kokumi物质的研究和开发提供一定的理论基础。