基于氡同位素的闸塘渗漏检测研究

为拓展水利工程渗漏研究方法,研究利用氡同位素识别地下水入渗点,建立了氡箱模型估算地下水入渗量,并对模型参数进行了敏感性分析。针对盐城市东台养殖区闸塘渗漏进行了实例研究。结果表明:利用氡同位素进行示踪,可有效地识别地下水入渗点,同时可定量计算地下水入渗量;计算结果的不确定性主要来自于入渗地下水的氡活度。氡同位素在地下水入渗的勘查及定量计算中具有较好的应用前景。     

Management of Plutonium Content based on Reactivity of Each Plutonium Isotope

It is strongly demanded to control reactivity for safety and steady operation of nuclear reactor. Fissile enrichment should be, therefore, accurately managed in order to carry out it. A concept of physical accounting method for adjusting fissile enrichment is very useful to manage plutonium content and to control reactivity of nuclear reactor where plutonium is used as main fissile material. The basis of the concept is shown in this paper together with the result of the application to typical prototype fast breeder reactor (FBR). The rationality for adopting the method is also quantitatively shown in this paper.     

Rapid-Swept CW Cavity Ring-down Laser Spectroscopy for Carbon Isotope Analysis

With the aim of developing a portable system for an in field isotope analysis, we investigate an isotope analysis based on rapid-swept CW cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy, in which the concentration of a chemical species is derived from its photo absorbance. Such a system can identify the isotopomer and still be constructed as a quite compact system. We have made some basic experimental measurements of the overtone absorption lines of carbon dioxide (¹²C¹⁶O₂, ¹³C¹⁶O₂) by rapid-swept cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a CW infrared diode laser at 6,200 cm^?1(1.6)mm). The isotopic ratio has been obtained as (1.07±0.13)x 10^?2, in good agreement with the natural abundance within experimental uncertainty. The detection sensitivity in absorbance has been estimated to be 3x 10^?8cm^?1.     

Optimum Cut of Separating Element as a Function of Total Separation Factor

Calculation of one of the SIMBATH experiments was performed using the SIMMER-II code. The experiments were intended to simulate the fuel pin disintegration, the molten materials relocation and following materials redistribution that could occur during core disruptive accidents assumed in fast breeder reactors. The calculation by SIMMER-II showed that the incorporated step-wise fuel pin disintegration model and the modified particle jamming model were capable of reproducing the course of materials relocation within the identified ranges of the parameters which governed the blockages formation, i.e. the characteristic radius of solid particles jamming and/or sieving out in the flow and the effective particle viscosity. In particular the final materials redistribution calculated by SIMMER-II very well reproduced the experiment. This fact made it possible to interpret theoretically the mechanisms of flow blockages formation and related materials redistribution.     

Quantification of 1,8‐cineole and of its metabolites in humans using stable isotope dilution assays

The metabolism of 1,8‐cineole after ingestion of sage tea was studied. After application of the tea, the metabolites 2‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 3‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 9‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and, for the first time in humans, 7‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole were identified in plasma and urine of one volunteer. For quantitation of these metabolites and the parent compound, stable isotope dilution assays were developed after synthesis of [²H₃]‐1,8‐cineole, [9/10‐²H₃]‐2‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and [¹³C,²H₂]‐9‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole as internal standards. Using these standards, we quantified 1,8‐cineole by solid phase microextraction GC‐MS and the hydroxyl‐1,8‐cineoles by LC‐MS/MS after deconjugation in blood and urine of the volunteer. After consumption of 1.02 mg 1,8‐cineole (19 μg/kg bw), the hydroxycineoles along with their parent compound were detectable in the blood plasma of the volunteer under study after liberation from their glucuronides with 2‐hydroxycineole being the predominant metabolite at a maximum plasma concentration of 86 nmol/L followed by the 9‐hydroxy isomer at a maximum plasma concentration of 33 nmol/L. The parent compound 1,8‐cineole showed a low maximum plasma concentration of 19 nmol/L. In urine, 2‐hydroxycineole also showed highest contents followed by its 9‐isomer. Summing up the urinary excretion over 10 h, 2‐hydroxycineole, the 9‐isomer, the 3‐isomer and the 7‐isomer accounted for 20.9, 17.2, 10.6 and 3.8% of the cineole dose, respectively.     

Quantitation of estragole by stable isotope dilution assays

Various calibration strategies for the quantitation of the phenylpropane estragole by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were developed and compared. For application in stable isotope dilution assays, two deuterium labelled estragole isotopologues were synthesized. Of these, [3′,3′-²H₂]estragole was prepared by Wittig reaction of 4-methoxy-phenylacetaldehyde with [²H₃]methyl-triphenyl-phosphonium bromide, whereas [1″,1″,1″-²H₃]estragole was obtained by demethylation of estragole and deuteromethylation of the resulting 4-allylphenole.Besides estragole isotopologues, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene and 4-propylanisole were also tested as internal standards (I.S.) for the determination of estragole in fennel tea.[1″,1″,1″-²H₃]Estragole, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, and 4-propylanisole revealed linear calibration functions and, therefore, were suitable for estragole quantitation. In contrast to this, [3′,3′-²H₂]estragole could only be applied as I.S. if it was added to the extracts in stoichiometric deficiency compared to unlabelled estragole. Moreover, due to its different chemical and physical properties, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene showed a recovery as low as 77%, whereas the other I.S. revealed recovery rates close to 100%. Considering the “real” values of estragole in fennel tea, the choice of the I.S. obviously is less important than the way of preparing the tea. In contrast to the common method for tea preparation, squeezing of the teabags increased the estragole content significantly by 50%.     

徐家围子断陷深层天然气地球化学特征及成因

以试气井段为单位对徐家围子断陷深层天然气进行分析,探索各气藏天然气组成及碳同位素的分布规律。研究表明:乙烷碳同位素在平面上存在明显差异,断陷边部乙烷碳同位素较重,具有煤型气特征,断陷中部乙烷碳同位素较轻,达到油型气标准;天然气C_5以上的重烃碳同位素异常轻,可能来源于原油裂解;碳同位素反序的天然气不一定是无机成因,复杂的碳同位素序列可能是油型气和煤型气混合造成;无机成因烃气数量甚微,不可能单独成藏。     

11C‐ and 18F‐Labeled Radioligands for P‐Glycoprotein Imaging by Positron Emission Tomography

P‐Glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an efflux transporter widely expressed at the human blood–brain barrier. It is involved in xenobiotics efflux and in onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. For these reasons, there is great interest in the assessment of P‐gp expression and function by noninvasive techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). Three radiolabeled aryloxazole derivatives: 2‐[2‐(2‐methyl‐(¹¹C)‐5‐methoxyphenyl)oxazol‐4‐ylmethyl]‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline ([¹¹C]‐ 5 ); 2‐[2‐(2‐fluoromethyl‐(¹⁸F)‐5‐methoxyphenyl)oxazol‐4‐ylmethyl]‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetra‐hydroisoquinoline ([¹⁸F]‐ 6 ); and 2‐[2‐(2‐fluoroethyl‐(¹⁸F)‐5‐methoxyphenyl)oxazol‐4‐ylmethyl]‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline ([¹⁸F]‐ 7 ), were tested in several in vitro biological assays to assess the effect of the aryl substituent in terms of potency and mechanism of action toward P‐gp. Methyl derivative [¹¹C]‐ 5 is a potent P‐gp substrate, whereas the corresponding fluoroethyl derivative [¹⁸F]‐ 7 is a P‐gp inhibitor. Fluoromethyl compound [¹⁸F]‐ 6 is classified as a non‐transported P‐gp substrate, because its efflux increases after cyclosporine A modulation. These studies revealed a promising substrate and inhibitor, [¹¹C]‐ 5 and [¹⁸F]‐ 7 , respectively, for in vivo imaging of P‐gp by using PET.     

湖南沃溪金锑钨矿床中成矿物质来源的硫同位素地球化学证据

沃溪AuSbW矿床是湖南湘西前寒武纪地层中最具有代表性的金矿床之一,位于扬子准地台江南地轴南缘的雪峰弧形构造隆起带的中段。矿石以石英-金-硫化物型为主,与金共存的矿石矿物为辉锑矿、黑钨矿、白钨矿、黄铁矿等。文章对沃溪矿床深部矿段中辉锑矿和黄铁矿的硫同位素地球化学进行了研究,结果表明:黄铁矿的δ~(34)S变化范围-4. 05‰～0.42‰,极差4. 47‰,平均值-1. 54‰;辉锑矿的δ~(34)S变化范围-4. 99‰～-1. 52‰,极差3. 47‰,平均值-2. 87‰。δ~(34)S变化范围小,说明其来源的均一性,同时与赋矿的马底驿组富硫围岩的δ~(34)S很相近,表明硫来源于赋矿地层。同时,δ~(34)S具有从浅部向深部增大的趋势。