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采用流程模拟的方法对甲醇羰基化法合成甲酸甲酯的进料条件及反应压力等工艺条件对反应强度、动力消耗等参数的影响给出了定量的分析结果 ,并提出了在过程设计和生产操作中根据甲酯产率及消耗确定适宜工艺参数的方法 相似文献
144.
Black rice husk ash (BRHA) and white rice husk ash (WRHA) were incorporated into natural rubber (NR) using a laboratory‐size two‐roll mill. A conventional vulcanization system (CV) was chosen and cure studies were carried out on a TI‐100 Curometer. The torque curves were obtained at 150, 160, 170, and 180°C. The overall rate and the apparent activation energy for the vulcanization process were calculated for each compound assuming that vulcanization follows first‐order kinetics. For comparison purposes, two commercial fillers, precipitated silica (Zeosil‐175) and carbon black (N762), were also used. It was observed that addition of WRHA to NR compounds increased the cross‐linking rate and lowered the apparent activation energy more markedly than the other fillers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1194–1203, 2003 相似文献
146.
Electrocopolymerization of a binary mixture of 3‐chloroaniline and 2‐amino‐4‐phenylthiazole on platinum electrode in acid medium was carried out under different reaction conditions such as temperature, current density, hydrochloric acid, and monomer concentrations with duration time. The initial rate of the electrocopolymerization reaction on platinum electrode is small and the rate law is Rp = K2 [D]1.29[HCl]0.97[M]1.94. The apparent activation energy is found to be 38.87 kJ/mol. The obtained copolymer film is characterized by 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis, GPC IR, UV‐visible, and cyclic voltammetry and compared with those of the two homopolymers. The mechanism of the electrocopolymerization reaction is also discussed and the monomer reactivity ratio (r1and r2) is calculated. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to confirm the proposed structure and determination of the number of water molecules in the polymeric chain unit. X‐ray and scanning electron microscopic analysis are used to investigate the surface morphology. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2076–2087, 2005 相似文献
147.
We show that the phase behavior of the strongly segregated blend consisting of a crystalline-amorphous diblock copolymer (C-b-A) and an amorphous homopolymer (h-A), which depends on the degree of wetting of A blocks by h-A, can be probed by the crystallization kinetics of the C block. A lamellae-forming poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polybutadiene (PEO-b-PB) was blended with PB homopolymers (h-PB) of different molecular weights to yield the blends exhibiting ‘wet brush’, ‘partially dry brush’, and ‘dry brush’ phase behavior in the melt state. The crystallization rate of the PEO blocks upon subsequent cooling, as manifested by the freezing (crystallization) temperature (Tf), was highly sensitive to the morphology and spatial connectivity of the microdomains governed by the degree of wetting of PB blocks. As the weight fraction of h-PB reached 0.48, for instance, Tf experienced an abrupt rise as the system entered from the wet-brush to the dry-brush regime, because the crystallization in the PEO cylindrical domains in the former required very large undercooling due to a homogeneous nucleation-controlled mechanism while the process could occur at the normal undercooling in the latter since PEO domains retained lamellar identity with extended spatial connectivity. Our results demonstrate that as long as the C block is present as the minor constituent the melt phase behavior of C-b-A/h-A blends can also be probed using a simple cooling experiment operated under differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 相似文献
148.
NiFe2O4及添加TiO2的尖晶石的烧结过程 总被引:15,自引:6,他引:15
以NiO和Fe2O3为主要原料,通过添加少量TiO2粉末来改善NiFe2O4试样的烧结性能。研究了NiFe2O4和TiO2-NiFe2O4 2种样品反应烧结过程中的热力学及动力学条件,同时利用球模型推导的扩散机制的烧结方程测算出2种材料的烧结活化能。结果表明:NiO和Fe2O3固相烧结过程是固相反应和致密化过程同时进行的。添加质量分数为1%TiO2粉末,当合成温度为1250℃时,TiO2-NiFe2O4样品就已达到致密,其烧结活化能由NiFe2O4样品时的245.36kJ/mol降低为142.71kJ/mol。 相似文献
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150.
用小型密闭压力容器实验(MCPVT)分别跟踪测定了1,3-丁二烯在氮气和氧气氛围下温度随时间的变化(T-t)和压力随时间的变化(p-t)。利用p-t曲线构建了1,3-丁二烯初期氧化反应动力学。结果表明,在氮气条件下,即使温度达到388.15 K也未检测到1,3-丁二烯发生化学反应。1,3-丁二烯与氧气在343.15~363.15 K范围内发生了氧化反应,反应器内的压力减小。1,3-丁二烯与氧气的初期氧化反应动力学是二级反应。另外,还考察了氧气过量和1,3-丁二烯过量时两种特殊情况下的假一级氧化反应动力学。探讨了过渡态的热力学参数,计算结果表明,1,3-丁二烯的热氧化是一个有序的分子数减少过程。用气相色谱-质谱联用仪和碘量法分析了氧化反应产物,其产物有呋喃和过氧化物。 相似文献