Phyto-Niosomes: In Vitro Assessment of the Novel Nanovesicles Containing Marigold Extract

Herbal compounds, so-called phytoconstituents, illustrate poor absorption by living cells. Phytosomes are advanced form of herbal compounds that show higher absorption rate and bioavailability, which results better than conventional plant extracts. Niosomes, which are made of nonionic surfactants, create better chemical and stability conditions besides lipid vesicles. This study covers the preparation, characterization and cell culture applications of phyto-niosomes of Marigold extract. Before the encapsulation process, extracts of selected plants were prepared and the extract that presents best bioactivity was chosen. The resulting phyto-niosomes were characterized and their biological activities including cytotoxicity, wound healing and antioxidant activity were investigated.     

银杏内酯的提取纯化与分离

以银杏叶标准化提取物为原料 ,经乙酸乙酯提取纯化得高纯度的银杏内酯混合物 ,方法简单 ,银杏内酯含量达 95 1% ;再以其混合物经硅胶柱层析 ,得到银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B及银杏内酯C的单体化合物     

Molecular Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction System for the Selective Separation of Oleuropein from Olive Leaf

Oleuropein has many antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer features found in olive leaf. Therefore, its isolation from olive leaf is very important in such kinds of applications. In this study, a solid-phase extraction system based on the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was proposed for the selective separation of oleuropein from olive leaf. First, oleuropein imprinted polymer has been prepared by the suspension polymerization using methacrylolamidoantiprine–iron (III) metal-chelate monomers. After that, the oleuropein adsorption capacity and selectivity of the prepared imprinted polymer has been determined. The maximum adsorption capacity of oleuropein has found to be 140 mg g^?1. Finally, MIP has been used as a sorbent in the solid-phase extraction for the separation of oleuropein from crude extract of olive leaves. The oleuropein analyses have been realized by high performance liquid chromatography. The obtained results indicated that the prepared molecularly imprinted sorbent could be used for at least 10 times for purification of oleuropein from olive leaf. The application of the proposed system in the real sample showed that 24.2 mg pure oleuropein could be obtained from 1.0 g of crude olive leaf extract. As a result, the low cost, simple, and selective adsorbent has been developed for oleuropein adsorption. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Separation Science & Technology to view the supplemental file.     

绿色合成桑叶银纳米粒及其抗菌抗癌活性

为了更好地开发出具有良好物理化学及生物活性的银纳米粒,利用桑叶水提取物,通过绿色方法制得桑叶银纳米粒。以AgNO3浓度、反应温度、桑叶水提物的用量、pH以及反应时间为影响因素,优化桑叶银纳米粒最佳合成条件;通过UV-Vis,SEM及FTIR等对产物进行结构表征;通过测定抑菌圈、最小抑菌浓度和细胞毒实验评价其抗菌及抗癌活性。结果显示,最佳制备条件为：AgNO3浓度5 mmol/L、反应温度35 ℃、桑叶水提液与AgNO3溶液体积比1∶5、反应体系pH 11.0及反应时间6 h。在此条件下制备的桑叶银纳米粒为大小均一的球形,平均粒径（48.78 ± 0.39） nm,电位（-27.8 ± 2.00） mV;相比于桑叶水提物,桑叶银纳米粒对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌,金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌及白色念球菌均表现较好的抑菌效果,其最小抑菌浓度分别为12.50、25.00、25.00、100.00和100.00 mg/L;桑叶银纳米粒对人宫颈癌（IC50为60.63 mg/L）,人肝癌（IC50为 26.98 mg/L）和人乳腺癌（IC50为18.65 mg/L）细胞有很好的抑制作用。     

精油和芳香萃取物中残留苯含量的测定

建立了测定精油和芳香萃取物中残留苯含量的方法,分别考察了静态顶空和直接进样两种进样方式、两种不同固定相的色谱柱、氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)和质谱检测器(MSD)两种检测器。实验得出结论:对于挥发性较大的样品采取直接进样的方式进行测定,不易挥发的样品采用顶空进样方式。实验结果表明,在1×10-6～2.5×10-5浓度范围内,采用不同的组合,残留苯含量均具有良好的线性关系。     

几种植物提取物在化妆品中的应用现状

着重介绍了化妆品中常用的十种植物提取物的化学组成、特定功效及在现今市场的化妆产品中的应用。指出了我国植物提取物在化妆品行业应用中存在的问题并提出一些建议及对策。     

刺槐对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果研究

通过室内盆栽和大棚药效试验,研究了刺槐叶片提取物对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果.室内盆栽试验表明,在刺槐提取物浓度为40 mg/mL时,对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果可以达到90.31％,刺槐提取物的EC5o为3.49 mg/mL.随着提取物浓度的增大,发病情况逐渐减轻.大棚药效试验表明,刺槐提取物的浓度为20 mg/mL时,其81.97％的防效高于三唑酮73.61％的效果,每隔7d喷施一次刺槐提取物,能够有效预防黄瓜产果期发生白粉病.     

Screening of crude plant extracts with anti-obesity activity

Obesity is a global health problem. It is also known to be a risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes, systemic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we screened crude extracts from 400 plants to test their anti-obesity activity using porcine pancreatic lipase assay (PPL; triacylglycerol lipase, EC 3.1.1.3) in vitro activity. Among the 400 plants species examined, 44 extracts from plants, showed high anti-lipase activity using 2,4-dinitrophenylbutyrate as a substrate in porcine pancreatic lipase assay. Furthermore, 44 plant extracts were investigated for their inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Among these 44 extracts examined, crude extracts from 4 natural plant species were active. Salicis Radicis Cortex had the highest fat inhibitory activity, whereas Rubi Fructus, Corni Fructus, and Geranium nepalense exhibited fat inhibitory capacity higher than 30% at 100 μg/mL in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting anti-obesity activity. These results suggest that four potent plant extracts might be of therapeutic interest with respect to the treatment of obesity.     

Microwave-assisted preparation of mesoporous-activated carbon from coconut (Cocos nucifera) leaf by H3PO4 activation for methylene blue adsorption

Mesoporous-activated carbon was prepared from fallen coconut (Cocos nucifera) leaf, an agricultural waste through a microwave-induced H₃PO₄ activation process. The characterization of the coconut leaf–activated carbon (CAC) was evaluated through the iodine number, ash content, bulk density, and moisture content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffraction, and pH_PZC. CAC has a mesopore content of 84% with an average pore size of 36.5?Å and a large BET surface area of 632?m²/g. The uptake properties of the CAC with methylene blue was evaluated at different CAC dosage levels (0.2–10?g/L), initial pH (3–10), methylene blue concentration (50–350?mg/L), and time (0–360?min) using batch mode operation. The kinetic profiles were described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 250?mg/g at 30°C. Thermodynamic functions indicate a spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. This study indicates that coconut leaves are a promising renewable precursor that can be utilized to develop an efficient mesoporous-activated carbon.     

昭通天麻主要活性成分提取方法比较

以昭通天麻中天麻素和浸出物含量为指标,考察了不同提取方法、溶剂、天麻粒径、料液比、提取次数对天麻中天麻素和浸出物含量的影响,经过实验得出50%乙醇、1:25料液比、50目粒径、沸水浴回流提取2次为最佳提取条件,测定出昭通天麻干燥块茎中天麻素含量为0.43%,浸出物为18.18%。