Fe掺杂A-TiO_2在溴甲酚绿中的可见光催化活性及动力学

以FeCl_3·6H_2O为Fe源,采用水热法制备了Fe掺杂锐钛型TiO_2(A-Ti O2)光催化剂。以溴甲酚绿为降解对象,考察溴甲酚绿的初始浓度、催化剂用量、掺Fe量等因素对自制催化剂可见光催化降解反应的动力学方程的影响。结果表明:在40 W白炽灯照射下,当溴甲酚绿初始浓度为10 mg/L(pH=7)、催化剂的用量为0.6 g/L、掺Fe量为4%(摩尔分数)、室温下反应时间为3 h时,溴甲酚绿的降解率最大为76.05%。溴甲酚绿光催化降解曲线符合一级反应动力学方程,于上述最佳条件下其表观反应速率常数k达到最大值,为0.389 7 h-1。     

一种电梯光幕保护系统的设计

介绍了光幕的组成和工作原理,剖析其优缺点。结合国标GB7588-2003对电梯门保护装置的要求,我们的光幕保护硬件系统是在电梯控制系统层面上设计的,而软件系统则最大限度地发挥光幕的优点,减少其缺点对电梯运行的影响。     

Synthesis,characterization, and optoelectronic properties of two new polyfluorenes/poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s copolymers

Two novel copolymers of polyfluorenes/poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s copolymers with p‐tert‐butyl‐phenylenemethylene groups in the C‐9 position of alternating fluorene unit, poly[1,4‐(2,5‐dibutyloxyl)‐phenyleneviny lene‐alt‐9‐(p‐tert‐butyl‐phenylenemethylene)fluorene] and poly[1,4‐(2,5‐dioctyloxyl)‐phenylenevinylene‐alt‐9‐(p‐tert‐butyl‐phenylenemethylene)fluorine], have been synthesized via the Heck polycondensation reaction. The synthesized polymers were characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC, TGA, UV–vis, and PL spectra. The polymers showed high glass transition temperatures and good thermal stability. A polymer light‐emitting diode with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P2/Ca/Al has been fabricated. The device emitted a yellow light with a peak wavelength of 578 nm similar to the PL spectra of the copolymer film. A maximal luminance of 534 cd/m² was obtained at a driving voltage of 24.5 V. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3955–3962, 2006     

Microscopic study of failure mechanisms in infiltrated carbon fiber felts

Failure mechanisms in infiltrated carbon fiber felts have been studied by optical light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with mechanical testing experiments. A model is presented which describes crack generation and propagation at layer-layer and fiber-matrix interfaces as well as within matrix carbon layers with different textures. Intensive cracking occurs within high- and less frequently in medium- and low-textured pyrolytic carbon layers. In particular, fracture does not occur directly at the fiber-matrix interface but within the low-textured matrix layer deposited on the fiber. Crack deflection in interface regions between layers with different textures, crack deflection along boundaries of columnar grains in high -textured layers and at interfaces between polyhedral nanoparticles, and finally crack bridging within high -textured lamellae are cooperative failure mechanisms contributing to the toughness enhancement.     

城市环境中交通信号灯准确识别与状态估计

根据交通信号灯灯板颜色和形状定位图像中的灯板位置. 将灯板区域的彩色图像转换到YCbCr 空间, 分割灯板区域中的红、黄、绿三色区域, 利用交通信号灯的形态特性定位交通灯位置. 用Gabor 小波和2 维独立分量分析提取感兴趣区域的特征, 送入最近邻分类器分类信号灯的类型. 用代表性的观测序列建立隐马尔科夫模型, 并结合识别和跟踪结果估计信号灯状态. 实验结果表明, 该算法能可靠、准确地识别出信号灯, 并有效地估计出信号灯的状态.     

活性染料染色废水的日光脱色降解

在太阳光照射条件下，使用铁(Ⅲ)-草酸盐络合物／H2O2对存在于水中三种中温型活性染料进行光催化降解研究，重点考察了太阳光的强度和活性染料的浓度对脱色降解反应的影响结果表明：太阳光的强度低于50001ux，染料的脱色率低于40％；在高于400001ux、照射60分钟脱色率高于98％，在高于900001ux时，照射10分钟，可使活性蓝MS脱色率接近100%，太阳光的强度越高，溶液中的染料浓度越低。     

Improved methods for evaluating the molar mass distributions of cellulose in kraft pulp

Multi‐angle laser light scattering (MALLS) was used to characterize birch kraft pulps with respect to their absolute molecular mass distributions (MMDs). The pulps were dissolved in lithium chloride/N,N‐dimethylacetamide and separated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The weight‐average and number‐average molecular masses of the cellulose fractions of the pulps obtained from the absolute MALLS measurements were compared with the molar masses obtained by direct‐standard‐calibration relative pullulan standards. Discrepancies between the two detection methods were found, and two ways of correlating the relative pullulan molar masses to the absolute molar masses were examined. In the first method, the correlation was made over a large range of molecular masses. The second method correlated the molecular masses of the standards to the molecular masses of samples by the calculation of fictitious, cellulose‐equivalent molar masses of the standards. With the preferred second method, a more correct MMD of kraft pulp samples could, therefore, be obtained from an SEC system calibrated with narrow standards. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1170–1179, 2003     

Dynamic light scattering studies on random cross-linking of polystyrene in semi-dilute solution

The random cross-linking of appropriately functionalized polystyrene in semi-dilute toluene solution (c = 0.01–0.05 g/mL) was studied by time-dependent measurements of dynamic light scattering. Macroscopic gelation occurred from concentrations as low as 0.02 g/mL. The gelation time, determined from the first appearance of fluctuations of the scattering intensity and the initial amplitude of the intensity correlation function (ICF), decreases markedly from about 100 min to 10 min with an increase of polymer concentration or cross-linker content. After the gel point, the ICFs display a characteristic power-law decay. The power-law exponent, n = 0.75 ± 0.06, does not change with (i) extent of reaction, (ii) polymer concentration, and (iii) cross-linker concentration, within the inspected ranges. This universal behavior is traced back to the fact that gelation took place as a result of random cross-linking of existent macromolecules, whose state of solution does not change markedly during conversion.     

基于ViBe算法的改进背景减去法

ViBe背景减去算法基于RGB色彩空间对像素进行处理,在光照突然改变的情况下,会造成大面积的背景误判为运动前景;同时会将场景中的运动背景大量的误检为前景. 针对上述问题,本文提出一种结合（r,g,I）标准色彩空间的改进算法. 实验结果表明,改进算法在光照突然变化时对前景的提取具有更好的鲁棒性,同时对于场景中运动的背景像素点,取得了更好的检测效果.     

温室光照度控制系统

阐述了一个基于单片机的温室光照度控制系统,利用数字式光照度传感器（BH1750FVI）检测温室内外的光照度,根据不同作物生长所需的适宜光照范围,选择挡上遮光膜或开启一定数量的补光灯。此系统有自动控制和手动控制两种工作模式。在自动控制模式下,根据选定的作物的种类自动使温室光照度保持在作物所需的范围,在手动控制模式下,遮光膜的打开和遮盖以及补光系统的开启都需要人为来完成。试验表明：该系统可以弥补人工控制误差大、效率低等缺陷,具有操作简单、使用方便的优点,具有较强的实用性。