引气高效减水剂的制备及性能研究

通过对芦苇造纸黑液氧化、接枝磺化合成工艺,研制出具有引气性能的高效减水剂,并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明：减水剂掺量为0.5%时,混凝土减水率为19.2%,泌水率为4.8%,引气量为4.2%,水泥浆2h相对流动度损失20%;混凝土3d、7d、28d抗压强度比分别为132%、148%、137%。     

改性木质素磺酸镁的应用试验

借鉴国内外对木质素改性的经验,结合外加剂复合技术,制成了性价比突出的改性木质素磺酸镁,为造纸厂木质素的废物利用开辟了重要途径。     

Hemoglobin-biocatalyzed Synthesis of Conducting Molecular Complex of Polyaniline and Lignosuifonate

A new biocatalyst route for the synthesis of a conducting polyaniline (PANI)/lignosulfonate (LGS) complex was presented.Four different catalysts such as hemoglobin (Hb),5,10,15,20-tetrakis (meso-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin,iron (Ⅱ) tetrasulfophthalocyanine and ferric chloride were used to polymerize aniline in the presence of a natural polyelectrolytes template LGS.The experimental results show that Hb is an effective catalyst in this case and the synthesis is simple,and the conditions are mild in that the polymerization may be carried out in lower pH (1.0-4.0) buffered solution and optimal pH of 2.0.Varying concentrations of aniline,LGS and H2O2 in feed the favorable conditions for the production of PANI were determined.UV-vis absorption,FFIR,elemental analysis,conductivity,cyclic voltammetry and thermogravimetric analyses confirm the formation of thermally stable and electroactive PANI.     

对制浆废液脱磺以提取木质素

以亚硫酸盐法制浆废液为原料,经脱磺处理后木质素的提取率显著提高,并通过(53)正交实验深入探讨经脱磺处理的黑液中硫酸用量、沉淀时间、沉淀温度等反应条件对木质素提取纯化的影响,得到高纯木质素提取纯化最佳条件为:黑液与15%硫酸体积比为1∶2,沉淀温度90℃,沉淀时间1.5 h。红外光谱、凝胶色谱、差热和流变特性分析结果表明,脱磺处理的木质素具有纯度高、分子量大、热稳定性和塑化性好等特点。     

木质素磺酸盐接枝共聚物（CT3—11）的研究与应用

本文叙述了降粘剂ＣＴ３－１１的室内研究,中试生产及现场试验内容。ＣＴ３－１１是一种含有机阳离子、阴离子基团的木质素磺酸盐接枝共聚物。它适用于不同类型和不同密度范围的钻井液体系,同时,增加钻井液的抑制性能。试验表明,ＣＴ３－１１具有抗温、抗污染能力。     

Oxidation of Various Kraft Lignins with a Bacterial Laccase Enzyme

Modification of kraft lignin (KL), traditionally uses harsh and energy-demanding physical and chemical processes. In this study, the potential of the bacterial laccase CotA (spore coating protein A) for oxidation of KL under mild conditions was assessed. Thereby, the efficiency of CotA to oxidize both softwood and hardwood KL of varying purity at alkaline conditions was examined. For the respective type of wood, the highest oxidation activity by CotA was determined for the medium ash content softwood KL (MA_S) and the medium ash content hardwood KL (MA_H), respectively. By an up to 95% decrease in fluorescence and up to 65% in phenol content coupling of the structural lignin units was indicated. These results correlated with an increase in viscosity and molecular weight, which increased nearly 2 and 20-fold for MA_H and about 1.3 and 6.0-fold for MA_S, respectively. Thus, this study confirms that the CotA laccase can oxidize a variety of KL at alkaline conditions, while the origin and purity of KL were found to have a major impact on the efficiency of oxidation. Under the herein tested conditions, it was observed that the MA_H KL showed the highest susceptibility to CotA oxidation when compared to the other hardwood KLs and the softwood KLs. Therefore, this could be a viable method to produce sustainable resins and adhesives.     

Novel lignosulfonate/N,N-dimethylacrylamide/γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane graft copolymer as a filtration reducer for water-based drilling fluids

The redox system consisting of ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite was used as initiator, N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570) were grafted onto sodium lignosulfonate (LS) in aqueous solution as reaction monomers, and a novel LS/KH570/DMAA graft copolymer filtrate reducer was synthesized. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance instrument. The result revealed that DMAA and KH570 were successfully grafted onto sodium LS. In addition, the thermal stability of the copolymer was determined by thermogravimetric analyzer and the micromorphology of filter cake of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) containing LS/KH570/DMAA was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. At the same time, the rheological and filtration properties of WBDFs containing copolymer with different concentrations were further evaluated. The results showed that when the copolymer concentration was 3 wt %, the fluid loss of bentonite-based drilling fluids was only 6.2 mL before aging, and 9.8 mL after aging at 180 °C for 16 h. The fluid-loss control mechanism of LS/KH570/DMAA was investigated through clay particle distribution analysis and zeta potential measurement of WBDFs. Moreover, the WBDFs containing copolymer exhibit excellent performance in reducing fluid loss under the invasion of calcium salts. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48274.     

电纺zein-SLS纤维膜的制备及其离子吸附性能研究

选用玉米醇溶蛋白（zein）作为鞘层包裹材料、木质素磺酸钠（SLS）作为芯层强化材料,采用同轴电纺技术制备了可有效吸附重金属离子的zein-SLS纤维膜。优化了膜制备工艺条件,确定纺丝电压适宜为14 kV,芯鞘层进料速率比适宜为1∶1。TEM证实,SLS被成功包埋于zein纤维膜中,但其负载量、包埋率和流失率受溶液pH的影响。离子吸附测试结果表明,SLS的加入可强化zein纤维膜对三种金属离子Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附效果,其中对Zn²⁺吸附能力的强化效果最为显著,上述吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型。同时,在酸性条件下,随着pH的上升,zein纤维膜对Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附能力逐渐提高。     

羟甲基木质素磺酸钠/膨胀石墨/次磷酸铝阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的研究

本研究利用木质素磺酸钠对聚氨酯泡沫进行改性,提高其阻燃性能。首先,对木质素磺酸钠进行羟甲基化反应,得到羟甲基木质素磺酸钠（HSL）,再将HSL部分替代聚醚多元醇,与聚合4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）混合,制备羟甲基木质素磺酸钠改性聚氨酯泡沫,再添加膨胀石墨（EG）和次磷酸铝（AHP）进一步提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性。制备出样品后分别进行极限氧指数（LOI）、热重分析（TGA）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试。通过极限氧指数测试分析聚氨酯泡沫样品阻燃性能表明：当羟甲基木质素磺酸钠替代量为60%（以HSL质量占HSL和聚醚多元醇总质量的百分比计）时,所得聚氨酯泡沫材料的LOI指数达到21.6%,最大热降解速率降低了1.53 %/min,残炭量提高了15.04个百分点,泡沫试样中泡沫孔隙数量和面积减少。继续添加混合阻燃剂（膨胀石墨和次磷酸铝质量比为3:1）时,所得聚氨酯泡沫材料的LOI指数能达到26.3%,最大热降解速率降低了1.52 %/min,残炭量提高了23.52个百分点,泡沫试样的泡沫孔隙数量和面积进一步减少。因此,本实验制备出一种具有优异阻燃性能的聚氨酯泡沫,其在建筑领域、交通领域、食品保温领域有广阔的应用前景。     

混合表面活性剂体系中木素磺酸盐含量的测定

向含木素磺酸盐的混合表面活性剂体系中加入亚硝酸钠和醋酸,再加入氨水显色,在430nm测定吸光度,由工作曲线计算木素磺酸盐含量。讨论了木素衍生化条件对结果的影响以及干扰因素。该方法用于混合表面活性剂中木素磷酸盐或磺化碱木素含量的测定,具有简便、准确的特点。