硝化—氧化木质素磺酸盐的制备及其在钻井液中作用效能研究

以木质素磺酸盐为原料,用硝酸处理制备硝化—氧化木质素磺酸盐(NOLS),优化了反应条件,并采用红外光谱对产物进行了表征,将产物作为水基钻井液添加剂评价其作用效能。实验结果表明,在低温(0℃～15℃)、硝酸用量较低时(10%～15%),合成的产物与木质素磺酸盐相比其低温增黏作用、高温降黏作用、降滤失作用和对黏土膨胀的抑制作用增强。     

木质素磺酸盐的改性及其在三次采油中的应用

介绍了以造纸废液中的碱木素为原料,通过缩合、磺化等反应过程,合成出改性木质素磺酸盐,大大改善了木质素磺酸盐的表面及界面性能。室内研究结果表明,改性木质素磺酸盐能与烷基苯磺酸盐类表面活性剂产生较好的协同效应,该复合体系在较宽的活性剂、碱浓度范围内能与大庆原油形成超低界面张力达10^-3mN／m数量级,三元复合体系驱油效率比水驱提高15％（OOIP）以上,可节约三元复合体系中表面活性剂成本30％以上,为表面活性剂的国产化提供了理论和实践依据。     

改性木质素磺酸盐分散剂对陶瓷料浆性能的影响

常用的陶瓷分散剂为无机盐类,其分散稳定效果不佳,而高分子分散剂价格高,有必要开发性价比优良的分散剂。本论文系统研究了改性木质素磺酸盐陶瓷分散剂(WAL)的应用性能。掺WAL的陶瓷料浆颗粒表面的Zeta总体高于掺对比样的无机盐分散剂,尤其在掺量0.35%时,掺WAL的Zeta电位绝对值为38.89mv,比无机盐分散剂的高6.0mv。掺WAL的陶瓷料浆球磨后颗粒的平均粒径由空白的19.47μm减小至12.61μm,小于掺无机盐分散剂的13.45μm。掺WAL的浆体流出时间为49.53s,比掺无机盐分散剂的缩短7.08s;通过显微镜放大1000倍也可以看出WAL的分散效果优于无机盐分散剂,浆体中絮体小且均匀。掺WAL浆体的分散稳定性指数120min时为2.5,小于无机盐分散剂的3.0;颗粒粒径沉降60min后为15.37μm,小于无机盐分散剂的16.29μm。综合表明,WAL是一种性能优良的陶瓷分散剂,有良好的应用前景。     

闪锌矿氧压酸浸中硫包裹问题的探讨

硫的包裹是影响锌浸出率的重要因素。本文通过对比实验证明了硫的包裹对锌浸出率的影响,初步探索出了木质磺酸钠影响锌浸出率的机理,以及保证锌回收率的前提下,木质磺酸钠的合适用量。     

木质素磺酸钙/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能

采用木质素磺酸钙（CL）填充高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）制备CL/HDPE复合材料,利用SEM、DSC、XRD对CL/HDPE复合材料进行表征,并对其强度、蠕变行为及应力松弛等力学性能进行测试。结果表明,CL/HDPE复合材料具有良好的结合界面和热稳定性;CL的加入可以提高CL/HDPE复合材料的弯曲强度,但对其冲击强度会产生不利影响;CL含量的增加有利于提高CL/HDPE复合材料的抗蠕变性能和抗应力松弛能力,而温度的升高会对CL/HDPE复合材料的蠕变行为和应力松弛产生不利影响。      

Catalytic depolymerization of calcium lignosulfonate by NiMgFeO_x derived from sub-micron sized NiMgFe hydrotalcite prepared by introducing hydroxyl compounds

A new method for regulating the synthesis of Ni Mg Fe hydrotalcites(NMF LDHs) with the addition of hydroxyl compounds was proposed. A series of NMF LDHs were prepared by the above method, and then were calcined to obtain the Ni Mg Fe Ox(NMFOx) samples. The NMFOxsamples were characterized by XRD,SEM, TG-DTG, XPS and CO2-TPD, respectively. The catalytic performance of NMFOxfor depolymerizing calcium lignosulfonate(CLS) was evaluated by hydrothermal reaction. The results showed that the addition of hydroxyl compounds favored reducing the particle sizes of NMF LDHs. For the depolymerization of CSL, the yield of liquid product increased from 45% to 75.8% with the addition of NMFOx-ethanol(NMFOxET). The liquid products were mainly phenolics, aromatics, ketones and esters. The total selectivity of oxy-containing compounds was over 90.6%, among them, the phenolics were approximately 35.2%. The valence of Ni and Fe, crystalline phase and basicity almost remained unchanged. The NMFOx-ET samples were recycled for the depolymerization of CLS, moreover, the NMFOx-ET samples had high activity and stability after 4 cycles.     

Lignosulfonate and Its Derivatives for Oil-well Drilling: A Concise Review

Lignosulfonate, a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry, has been used in the oil-well drilling industry for a significant amount of time. Lignosulfonate and its derivatives serve different roles in the oil-well drilling industry because of their unique structures and properties. This review summarizes lignosulfonate and its derivatives, including lignosulfonate complexed with metal ions, lignosulfonate graft copolymers, lignosulfonate-tannin complexes, and other lignosulfonate-containing composites, in terms of their preparation, properties, and potential applications in oil-well drilling industry. It provides readers with a quick review of existing studies in this area and some inspirations for future studies pertaining to the utilization of lignosulfonate-based materials in the oil-well drilling industry.     

落叶松树皮栲胶废渣各组分及其磺化产物的表面活性对比研究

分析了兴安落叶松树皮栲胶废渣的主要化学组分及各组分的磺化产物对木质素磺酸盐的表面活性的作用,发现树皮栲胶废渣制备的木质素磺酸盐表面活性、分散性能和净浆流动度较木材木质素磺酸盐高。表面活性和分散性能好的主要原因是栲胶废渣中可溶单宁和红粉的存在,而具有更好的净浆流动度是因为可溶单宁和酚酸的存在。     

Efficient Separation and Recovery of Petroleum Hydrocarbon from Oily Sludge by a Combination of Adsorption and Demulsification

The treatment of oily sludge (OS) can not only effectively solve environmental pollution but also contribute to the efficient use of energy. In this study, the separation effect of OS was analyzed through sodium lignosulfonate (SL)-assisted sodium persulfate (S/D) treatment. The effects of SL concentration, pH, temperature, solid–liquid ratio, revolving speed, and time on SL adsorption solubilization were analyzed. The effects of sodium persulfate dosage, demulsification temperature, and demulsification time on sodium persulfate oxidative demulsification were analyzed. The oil removal efficiency was as high as 91.28%. The results showed that the sediment was uniformly and finely distributed in the S/D-treated OS. The contact angle of the sediment surface was 40°, and the initial apparent viscosity of the OS was 56 Pa·s. First, the saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons on the sediment surface were adsorbed by the monolayer adsorption on SL. Stubborn, cohesive oil agglomerates were dissociated. Sulfate radical anion (SO₄⁻·) with a high oxidation potential, was formed from sodium persulfate. The oxidation reaction occurred between SO₄⁻· and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A good three-phase separation effect was attained. The oil recovery reached 89.65%. This provides theoretical support for the efficient clean separation of oily sludge.     

木质素磺酸钠的结构特征及用作烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂分散剂

采用紫外、凝胶色谱和化学滴定法分析了国内外5种木质素磺酸钠(木钠)的结构特征,发现Ultrazine Na的亲水基含量达5.46 mmol•g^-1,其亲水性最好;Kinsperse126的磺酸基含量达2.05 mmol•g^-1;广纸木钠的重均分子量达13000,石岘木钠为10000。以各木钠为分散剂,制备烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂(WG),并测试其应用性能。以Kinsperse126为分散剂的WG悬浮率高达95.03%,以石岘木钠为分散剂的WG悬浮率为89.70%。木钠的分散能力随磺酸基含量和分子量的增加而提高,磺酸基对木钠的分散性能的贡献更大。首次采用Turbiscan LabExpert分散稳定仪测定烯酰吗啉WG悬浮液的稳定性,以Kinsperse126作分散剂的悬浮液稳定性最好,在15 min时才出现沉淀,厚度仅0.38 mm,广纸木钠为分散剂的悬浮液中颗粒粒径增幅仅0.59 μm。悬浮液的稳定性与木钠的分散能力正向相关,且分子量大的分散剂能减缓颗粒粒径的增长。