考虑恶劣天气的班轮多阶段重调度方法

受恶劣天气影响的船舶调度是一个非常复杂的优化问题,也是班轮公司重点关注的问题之一。为此,针对某航运网络上的一家班轮公司的所有营运船舶,以获知设计的多阶段重调度机制时段内最新预报的天气信息和这些船舶的实时位置为前提,重点考虑班轮船期表的限制并兼顾港口间航速变化和船舶容量等现实约束,构建了以固定计划期内所有船舶的航运总成本最小为优化目标的非线性数学模型,并设计了嵌入基因修复算子的改进遗传算法用于求解该模型。由此,可以给出集成租船直运、跨航线调船、反挂和货物中转等解决策略的最佳多阶段重调度方案。通过对大、中、小规模的算例进行实验,实验结果表明,可知与传统等待办法相比,多阶段重调度节约了总航运成本的15%以上,验证了所提模型和方案的有效性;与Cplex相比,改进遗传算法的运算效率大大提高,且偏差值均在5%以内,而与蚁群优化（ACO）算法、禁忌搜索（TS）算法、量子差分进化（QDE）算法相比,改进遗传算法能在有效时间内降低10%左右的成本,验证了算法的科学性。所提方法可为班轮公司的实际船舶调度提供参考。     

预应力纤维布加固混凝土梁冻融特性试验

为了研究预应力碳纤维布对受冻融作用影响的混凝土梁的加固效果,从而进一步认识混凝土与碳纤维布共同工作的行为,研究了加固梁中碳纤维布和混凝土的各自力学性能以及碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的整体力学性能.结果表明,冻融后的试验梁开裂荷载和极限承载力有所下降;初始预应力水平越高,试验梁的开裂荷载和极限荷载下降速度越快;在冻融循环和预应力耦合作用下混凝土内部损伤严重,碳纤维布-混凝土界面的粘结力退化明显.     

Optimized design of biconical liner by orthogonal method

A biconical liner was optimized to improve its penetration ability. Its formation and penetration mechanism was studied through numerical simulation and experiments. And the influence of different liner geometry sizes on the jet performance was analyzed using the orthogonal method. The liner formed the high-speed jet with an explosively formed projectile. The small angle 2α remarkably influenced the jet speed which was inversely proportional to 2α. And the liner thickness t' and large angle 2β had highly significant effect on the projectile speed. The liner was optimized at t' = 0. 14 cm,2α = 50°,2β = 135°,N = 0. 4 or 0. 5,when its jet speed respectively is at 6 613 m /s and 6 839 m /s and projectile speed is at 2 247 m /s and 2 095 m /s,steel target penetration is at 8. 24 cm and 8. 31 cm,and aperture is in 2. 12 cm and 2. 08 cm. The results show that target is penetrated by the high-speed jet and high-speed projectile resulting into double damages. The penetration ability is improved greatly.     

基于光纤光栅的预应力碳纤维板加固钢梁抗弯性能试验研究

结合碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)的高强特性及光纤光栅(OFBG)的感知特性,研制开发CFRP-OFBG智能复合板,通过试验验证其应变传感性能.完成预应力CFRP-OFBG板加固钢梁静载试验,监测钢梁的应变和屈服破坏过程,研究预应力CFRP-OFBG智能碳纤维板加固钢梁的抗弯性能.结果表明:预应力CFRP-OFBG智能碳纤维板是一种集受力和传感于一体的新型土木工程材料,克服了光纤光栅埋设的工艺问题,并且能有效提高加固钢梁的抗弯性能,具有良好的推广价值和应用前景.     

提高身管寿命的粉末冶金内衬和衬管

本文介绍了国外用粉末冶金制合金内衬方法的特点,工艺过程和应用实例,阐述了钼合金衬管制造方法的研究和进展。     

G32柴油机气缸套的铸造技术

介绍G32重型柴油机合金灰铸铁缸套的生产技术。采用离心铸造、中频炉熔炼，铸件化学成分为：w（C）2．9％～3.2％，w（Si）1．7％～2．0％，w（Mn）0．7％-1．0％，W（P）0．25％-0．30％，w（S）0．08％-0．10％，w（Cr）0．25％-0．30％，w（Mo）0．30％-0．50％，w（Cu）0．6％～0．9％。为改善孕育效果，通过加入硫化铁，有意地提高铁液埘（s）量。铸型转速为695r／min，铸型壁厚为气缸套大端厚度的1．2倍，浇注速度20～40kg／s，旋转成型时间30min。     

硼铸铁缸套激光表面熔凝组织和性能的研究

为了提高硼铸铁缸套的耐磨性能，对硼铸铁气缸套进行激光熔凝处理。利用扫描电子显微镜观察了激光熔凝处理后的显微组织。利用显微硬度计检测了激光熔凝组织的显微硬度，同时进行了以GCr15钢标准环为配副的环块磨损试验。研究结果表明，硼铸铁经激光熔凝处理后得到了共晶莱氏体 马氏体组织，而且激光熔覆层厚度可控，组织和性能稳定，熔凝强化表层显微硬度达到800-1200HV0.2。磨损试验结果显示，激光熔凝处理后，磨损截面积比未处理的试样减小了44.4%，从而表明激光熔凝处理是提高硼铸铁缸套耐磨性能的有效手段。     

Optimization of casting conditions for heat and abrasion resistant large grey iron castings

Numerical simulation technology was applied for optimizing the casting design and conditions in large cast iron castings for marine engine. By the simulation of mold filling and solidification sequences the problems of the previous casting conditions were analyzed and marked improvements for large cylinder liner parts were derived from these results. Especially the amount and positions of chills were optimized to increase the mechanical properties and to minimize the shrinkage and microporosity in the castings. Ultrasonic testing, penetration testing and mechanical property testing were carried out for the parts with the modified casting conditions. It showed that no defects in the castings were found and the productivity could be distinctly increased. The mechanical properties satisfied also the specification demanded.     

利用均衡凝固理论降低离心铸造气缸套废品率

采用均衡凝固理论分析气缸套离心铸造的缩孔类缺陷形成原因，并利用该理论，通过改变热节部位离心铸造模具表面结构，调整斜度区的涂料厚度来调节热节根部的冷却速度，充分利用凝固过程自补缩，从而消除热节部位缩孔缺陷，使缸套的缩孔废品率降到了1％以下。     

钠基膨润土防水毯在滹沱河防洪整治中的试验研究

结合滹沱河防洪综合整治工程,对钠基膨润土防水毯建立试验模型,着重研究不同试验水头、外界环境条件(温度、风力等因素)对钠基膨润土防水毯的渗水量、水分蒸发量和渗透系数的变化规律。研究结果表明:试验水头与渗透系数成非线性关系,且渗水量随水位的增加而增加,渗透系数随水位的增加而减小。通过模型试验验证了钠基膨润土防水毯高密实、高防水等特点,为类似的防洪综合整治工程提供了技术支撑。