纳米FePO4的合成及其正极材料LiFePO4/C的电化学性能研究

以Fe3+为铁源,采用控制结晶技术合成了纳米FePO4.xH2O,将FePO4.xH2O于500℃热处理4 h后得到纳米FePO4前驱体,然后通过碳热还原在不同温度下煅烧合成橄榄石结构的纳米LiFePO4/C样品.采用差热/热重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、比表面测试、电化学性能测试等分析测试方法对纳米FePO4.xH2O、FePO4前驱体及不同煅烧温度下制得的纳米LiFePO4/C样品进行表征.研究结果表明,700℃烧结10 h合成LiFePO4/C样品的粒径在40~100 nm左右,比表面积为79.8 m2/g;700℃煅烧合成样品在电压2.5~4.2 V,倍率为0.1C、1C、5C、10C、15C时的放电比容量分别达到156.5、134.9、105.8、90.3和80.9 mAh/g,具有较好的倍率性能;样品还表现出较好的容量保持率.     

烧结方式对LiFePO4/C复合正极材料电化学性能的影响

对LiFePO4/C复合前驱体,分别采用静态氮气气氛,动态氮气气氛及静态真空三种烧结方式进行碳热还原合成LiFePO4/C复合正极材料.采用XRD、SEM、CV和充放电循环测试等方法分析和表征材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能.结果表明,烧结方式对所得材料的结晶度、晶粒大小、碳含量、合成温度以及电化学性能均有显著影响.真空烧结所得材料结晶度高,而动态气氛烧结对材料颗粒细化及均匀化都有积极影响,同时也能有效促进锂离子扩散动力学.动态气氛烧结可将材料的烧结温度降低到500℃,且所得材料表现出优异的电化学性能.0.5C倍率下循环首次放电比容量达到163.4 mAh/g,50次循环后容量保持率为99.02%.     

稳定性膜萃取锂离子的研究

盐湖蕴藏的锂资源中较高的镬锂比增加了锂提取的难度,本文报道膜萃取技术在锂离子提取的方面的工作进展.耐有机萃取剂的膜材料是膜萃取技术的关键.采用亲水/疏水复合材料,避免了有机萃取剂流失和解决材料在有机相中的稳定性问题.结果表明,采用TBP萃取剂可以实现锂镁有效分离,为下一步工作奠定了基础.     

锂离子电池硅基负极材料研究进展

由于硅负极不能在商业上大规模应用,研究者采用多种改性制备方法,提高硅基负极材料初始放电容量和循环性能。综述了近年来改善硅基负极材料性能的几种制备方法,指出了硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究前景。     

Exfoliation and reassembly of cobalt oxide nanosheets into a reversible lithium-ion battery cathode

An exfoliation-reassembly-activation (ERA) approach to lithium-ion battery cathode fabrication is introduced, demonstrating that inactive HCoO(2) powder can be converted into a reversible Li(1-x) H(x) CoO(2) thin-film cathode. This strategy circumvents the inherent difficulties often associated with the powder processing of the layered solids typically employed as cathode materials. The delamination of HCoO(2) via a combination of chemical and mechanical exfoliation generates a highly processable aqueous dispersion of [CoO(2) ](-) nanosheets that is critical to the ERA approach. Following vacuum-assisted self-assembly to yield a thin-film cathode and ion exchange to activate this material, the generated cathodes exhibit excellent cyclability and discharge capacities approaching that of low-temperature-prepared LiCoO(2) (~83 mAh g(-1) ), with this good electrochemical performance attributable to the high degree of order in the reassembled cathode.     

Bi和F复合掺杂对LiMn2O4结构及电化学性能的影响

采用固相法合成LiMn2-xBixO4-yFy(x=0,0.03;y=0,0.05,0.1),通过X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、恒电流充放电及循环伏安等技术分析检测合成材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能。结果表明:合成的LiMn2-xBixO4-yFy均为尖晶石结构,无杂相,颗粒表面光滑,大小均匀。常温下以0.2C倍率循环30次,LiMn1.97Bi0.03O3.95F0.05容量保持率为90.88%,远高于未改性LiMn2O4的86.51%,常温及55℃下以1 C倍率循环100次,LiMn1.97Bi0.03O3.95F0.05容量保持率分别为91.81%和83.69%,高于未改性的78.65%和71.82%。Bi和F复合掺杂提高了材料的稳定性和循环性能,尤其是高温循环性能。     

锂离子电池用双草酸硼酸锂的固相合成

详细介绍了固相法合成的一种新型电解质锂盐--双草酸硼酸锂（LiBOB）。制备过程采用草酸、氢氧化锂、硼酸为原料,其物质的量比为2.1∶[KG-*2]1∶[KG-*2]1,经球磨混合后高温烧制,烧制温度为120 ℃、脱水温度为240 ℃,所得产品经乙酸乙酯提纯后即得产物。产物通过分析测定可知,其杂质含量少且晶体结构完整;并通过热分析证实其热稳定性优于六氟磷酸锂。用其制备的电解液组装的电池,循环性能较好,所制双草酸硼酸锂达到用作电池电解质锂盐的标准。     

Evaluation of a solar intermittent refrigeration system for ice production operating with ammonia/lithium nitrate

A novel solar intermittent refrigeration system for ice production developed in the Centro de Investigación en Energía of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México is presented. The system operates with the ammonia/lithium nitrate mixture. The system developed has a nominal capacity of 8 kg of ice/day. It consists of a cylindrical parabolic collector acting as generator-absorber. Evaporator temperatures as low as −11 °C were obtained for several hours with solar coefficients of performance up to 0.08. It was found that the coefficient of performance increases with the increment of solar radiation and the solution concentration. A dependency of the coefficient of performance was not founded against the cooling water temperature. Also it was found that the maximum operating pressure increases meanwhile the generation temperature decreases with an increase of the solution concentration.     

顶空气-质联用法测定离子液体富集的空气中的苯系物

基于室温离子液体无蒸气压、离子强度高且稳定、优良溶解性等特点,实验中采用室温离子液体［bmim］［PF₆］作为吸收液,气相色谱-质谱联用分析测定离子液体富集的苯系物,建立了顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱方法测定苯、甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯的最佳分析条件。结果表明离子液体有可能作为空气中苯系物的富集材料。     

Structural and thermal stabilities of layered Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 materials in 18650 high power batteries

The structural and thermal stabilities of the layered Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂ cathode materials under high rate cycling and abusive conditions are investigated using the commercial 18650 Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂/graphite high power batteries. The Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂ materials maintain their layered structure even when the power batteries are subjected to 200 cycles with 10 C discharge rate at temperatures of 25 and 50 °C, whereas their microstructure undergoes obvious distortion, which leads to the relatively poor cycling performance of power batteries at high charge/discharge rates and working temperature. Under abusive conditions, the increase in the battery temperature during overcharge is attributed to both the reactions of electrolyte solvents with overcharged graphite anode and Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂ cathode and the Joule heat that results from the great increase in the total resistance (R_cell) of batteries. The reactions of fully charged Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂ cathodes and graphite anodes with electrolyte cannot be activated during short current test in the fully charged batteries. However, these reactions occur at around 140 °C in the fully charged batteries during oven test, which is much lower than the temperature of about 240 °C required for the reactions outside batteries.