基于熵权法—灰色评价法的炼化低温热利用技术评估研究

将熵权法与灰色综合评价法相集成,形成了用于评价炼化低温热利用技术的新方法。该方法在低温热利用技术评价指标体系的基础上,利用熵权法获得指标权重,并通过求取灰色关联度建立了炼化低温热利用技术评价模型,减少了人为主观认识对评价结果的影响,使评价结果更加客观和具有指导性。通过实际案例,给出了该模型的计算流程及评价方法。     

Ce联合Nb/Co改性稀土尾矿催化剂NH3-SCR性能及脱硝机理研究

白云鄂博稀土尾矿含有Fe、Ce等利于催化脱硝的活性元素,作为天然矿物对环境友好且成本低,是做脱硝催化剂的天然原料,但稀土尾矿催化剂温度窗口较窄(350~450℃)。为拓宽稀土尾矿催化剂的温度窗口,用Ce、Nb、Co改性稀土尾矿,采用水热法制备了一系列Ce-M(Nb、Co)改性稀土尾矿催化剂,探究元素比例及元素种类对脱硝性能的影响。通过BET、XRD、XPS、H2-TPR和NH3-TPD对改性稀土尾矿进行表征分析,并利用In situ DRIFTS 技术对Ce-Co改性稀土尾矿的NH3-SCR机理进行了探究。结果显示,Ce-Nb(2:1)改性稀土尾矿在300~400℃脱硝效率最高为85%,Ce-Co(2:1)改性稀土尾矿在250~400℃脱硝效率能够达到90%。Nb和Co的加入提高了催化剂表面CeCO3F的分散度,暴露更多活性吸附位点。同时,元素之间的相互作用促进了电子的转移,Nb5+的形成阻碍了Ce4+的还原,调节了氧化还原性能,使得Ce-Nb改性稀土尾矿具有优异的N2选择性。而Co的加入提高了催化剂氧化还原能力,使得Co3+增加,进而提高Br?nsted酸性位的吸附强度,NH4+及Co3+-NH2能够首先与NO反应,形成NH3HNO及NH2NO等中间产物,催化剂表面同时遵循E-R机理和L-H机理,E-R机理占主导。     

低碳低合金及含铜海洋工程用钢的研究及其发展

随着海洋资源的不断开采和利用,对深海及极地用海洋工程关键部位用钢强韧性等综合性能提出了更高的要求;开发具有更高强塑性,低屈强比,良好的低温韧性、焊接性以及耐腐蚀性等综合性能优良的钢材是海洋工程用钢的发展方向。介绍了国内外低碳低合金海洋工程用钢的研究和发展概况,分析了该类钢种制造过程中面临的问题,对铜在低碳高强钢中的作用以及含铜海洋工程用钢的研发情况进行了综述。     

Low-temperature phase transitions of sodium aluminate solutions

A series of low-temperature phase transitions of sodium aluminate solutions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that NaOH concentration is a primary impact factor for the binary eutectic point and ice melting temperature of sodium aluminate solutions with low NaOH concentration. In addition, the phase transition process of sodium aluminate solutions with low NaOH concentration from 123.15 to 283.15 K is divided into four steps: non-crystal to crystal, ternary eutectic reaction, binary eutectic reaction and ice melt. The projection phase diagram of NaOH-Al(OH)₃-H₂O system at low temperature was plotted, in which the ternary eutectic temperature for sodium aluminate solutions is 183.15 K.     

用红外光谱技术研究煤的低温氧化规律

利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析技术，对暴露于空气中不同时期的氧化煤样的红外光谱进行了测试与分析。根据煤的主要特征光谱峰，确定出煤中参与氧化的不同种类的特征官能团；通过特征官能团吸收光谱强度变化，得出煤在氧化进程中官能团数量的变化规律，从而确定出煤的氧化能力。应用该技术对孔庄矿煤层的研究结果与现场实际基本相符。     

Determination of pesticides using a low-temperature co-fired ceramic microfluidic platform

The aim of this work is the integration of an improved graphite–epoxy composite electrode modified with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme as a detector into a green tape ceramic microfluidic device for the online amperometric determination of pesticides. First, the operational conditions of the microfluidic system were optimized for the enzymatic substrate determination of acetylthiocholine. Good results were achieved for acetylthiocholine determination, obtaining a low detection limit and optimal sensitivity. The analytical performance of the microanalyzer was evaluated with organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides across a wide concentration range. Pesticides were determined indirectly measuring the enzymatic inhibition effect that they caused. The analysis was based on stopped-flow methodology with a three-step strategy: enzymatic substrate measurement, enzymatic inhibition by pesticide contact with the biosensor, and enzymatic substrate measurement after the inhibition process. The pesticide concentrations were determined by the percentage of inhibition produced. The microanalyzer was used for the analysis of spiked irrigation water samples using this indirect method. The low-temperature co-fired ceramic/epoxy–graphite–acetylcholinesterase microfluidic system showed low limits of detection and adequate sensitivity. The recoveries of the spiked water samples were approximately 100% with relative standard deviation values lower than 5% for three replicate measurements. All results obtained are indicative of a convenient, rapid, sensitive, and economic method for the determination of pesticides in environmental samples.     

烟气脱硝中尿素法制氨工艺比较

介绍了烟气脱硝的工艺,包括选择性非催化还原法（SNCR）、选择性催化还原法（SCR）及SNCR/SCR混合烟气脱硝技术,还原剂为液氨和尿素。燃烧后的烟气必须进行脱硝处理,对尿素水解和热解技术进行了比较,总结了尿素水解的技术优势和经济性。认为采用尿素水解法进行烟气脱硝安全性好、运行成本低,应用前景较好。     

环烷基重油与低温煤焦油共碳化制备针状焦的结构相容性

以环烷基重油(HO)和低温煤焦油(LCT)为原料,通过喹啉的萃取与改性得到不同喹啉不溶物(QI)含量的改性LCT,考察了HO和改性LCT共碳化制备针状焦的反应特性;研究了重油原料和煤焦油共碳化制备针状焦过程中的结构演化机理,并分析了出现结构不相容的原因。结果表明：LCT中的QI在碳化过程中易造成空间位阻,产生结构性缺陷结构,进而影响芳香片层间的有序堆叠;HO与改性LCT共碳化制备的针状焦结构中出现了明显的结构性分离界面;改性LCT中的QI在共碳化过程中逐渐聚集,并形成相分离界面,阻碍了各向异性大分子结构的渗透与扩散。改性LCT中QI的脱除有助于提高2种原料的结构相容性以及碳质结构的协同性演化。     

古交西山发电厂2×660 MW机组脱硝稀释风系统的改造与优化

针对古交西山发电有限公司2×660 MW超超临界直接空冷机组脱硝系统稀释风量降低导致喷氨量增加、氨逃逸增大的问题,从设计、设备选型、施工安装等多方面进行了分析,找到了导致稀释风量降低的原因,并提出了相应的改造与优化措施.措施实施后,稀释风量显著增加,氨逃逸明显降低,在保证机组净烟气NOx达标排放的同时提高了机组运行的安...     

(Mg4-xLi2x)(Nb1.92V0.08)O9陶瓷微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Mg_(4-x)Li_(2x))(Nb_(1.92)V_(0.08))O_9系列微波介质陶瓷。通过XRD、SEM以及HP网络分析仪等测试手段对其烧结特性、晶体结构和微波介电性能进行了系统研究。结果表明:x<0.3时形成了(Mg_(4-x)Li_(2x))(Nb_(1.92)V_(0.08))O_9固溶体;x≥0.3时,除主相(Mg_(4-x)Li_(2x))(Nb_(1.92)V_(0.08))O_9外,还有少量第二相Li3Mg2NbO6生成。微波介电常数ε随x的增大持续升高,品质因数Q则先增大后减小。x=0.2,950℃,5h烧结样品的微波介电性能达到最佳:ε=12.7,Q.f=14078GHz(f0=8GHz)。