Roles for Selenoprotein I and Ethanolamine Phospholipid Synthesis in T Cell Activation

The selenoprotein family includes 25 members, many of which are antioxidant or redox regulating enzymes. A unique member of this family is Selenoprotein I (SELENOI), which does not catalyze redox reactions, but instead is an ethanolamine phosphotransferase (Ept). In fact, the characteristic selenocysteine residue that defines selenoproteins lies far outside of the catalytic domain of SELENOI. Furthermore, data using recombinant SELENOI lacking the selenocysteine residue have suggested that the selenocysteine amino acid is not directly involved in the Ept reaction. SELENOI is involved in two different pathways for the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and plasmenyl PE, which are constituents of cellular membranes. Ethanolamine phospholipid synthesis has emerged as an important process for metabolic reprogramming that occurs in pluripotent stem cells and proliferating tumor cells, and this review discusses roles for upregulation of SELENOI during T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. SELENOI deficiency lowers but does not completely diminish de novo synthesis of PE and plasmenyl PE during T cell activation. Interestingly, metabolic reprogramming in activated SELENOI deficient T cells is impaired and this reduces proliferative capacity while favoring tolerogenic to pathogenic phenotypes that arise from differentiation. The implications of these findings are discussed related to vaccine responses, autoimmunity, and cell-based therapeutic approaches.     

再生障碍性贫血患者铜／锌比对淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的：研究血清铜、锌及铜／锌比值在再生障碍性贫血中的水平变化,以及对外周血 T 淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法选择50例再生障碍性贫血患者（初治再障组）,经过正规治疗,可随访患者42例[根据治疗方法不同分为标准治疗组（22例,应用雄激素＋免疫抑制剂治疗）和葡萄糖酸锌治疗组（20例,在标准治疗组基础上加用萄糖酸锌口服液治疗）]。选择同期40例健康正常人为正常对照组。采用原子吸收分光光度法测定血清铜、锌及铜／锌比值,流式细胞仪检测患者外周血 T 淋巴细胞亚群。结果初治再障组患者血清铜含量及铜／锌比值均高于正常对照组,而锌含量明显低于正常对照组（均 P ＜0．01）。再生障碍性贫血患者铜／锌比值与 CD4＋／CD8＋呈负相关（r＝"0．45,P ＝0．005）。治疗后葡萄糖酸锌治疗组患者 CD4＋／CD8＋比值恢复好于标准治疗组（P ＝0．000）。结论铜／锌比值与 T 淋巴细胞亚群失调共同参与再生障碍性贫血的发病及转归。     

Platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio better predicts inflammation than neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in end‐stage renal disease patients

Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was introduced as a potential marker to determine inflammation in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Recently, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and NLR were found to positively correlated with inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐6 in cardiac and noncardiac patients. Data regarding PLR and its association with inflammation are lacking in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Hence, we aimed to determine the relationship between PLR, NLR, and inflammation in ESRD patients. This was a cross‐sectional study involving 62 ESRD patients (29 females, 33 males; mean age, 49.6 ± 14.6 years) receiving PD or HD for ≥6 months in the Dialysis Unit of Necmettin Erbakan University. PLR, NLR, C‐reactive protein, TNF‐α, IL‐6 levels were measured. PLR, NLR, serum high sensitive C‐reactive protein, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels were significantly higher in PD patients when compared with HD patients. ESRD patients with PLR ≥ 140 had significantly higher NLR, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels when compared to patients with PLR < 139. In the bivariate correlation analysis, PLR was positively correlated with NLR, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in this population. When we compared the association of PLR and NLR with IL‐6 (r = 0.371, P = 0.003 vs. r = 0.263, P = 0.04, respectively) and TNF‐α (r = 0.334, P = 0.008 vs. r = 0.273, P = 0.032, respectively), PLR was found to be superior to NLR in terms of inflammation in ESRD patients. Simple calculation of PLR can predict inflammation better than NLR in ESRD patients.     

流式细胞术检测健康成年人淋巴细胞亚群

淋巴细细胞亚群在维持机体免疫功能中起重要作用,淋巴细胞亚群检测广泛应用于肿瘤、艾滋病和自身免疫病的诊断、治疗及预后。文献检索发现,淋巴细胞亚群检测受地区、年龄、性别及民族等因素影响,不同国家和地区应建立健康成年人淋巴细胞亚群参考值范围。现就流式细胞术检测健康成年人外周血淋巴细胞亚群做一综述。     

交感神经阻断对受辐照小鼠T淋巴细胞的影响

研究交感神经阻断对辐照小鼠的T细胞、T细胞亚群的影响.小鼠受0.5Gy、3Gy、6Gy辐照后,6-羟多巴胺阻断交感神经.阻断两周后小鼠眼眶处取血,利用流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血中T细胞、T细胞亚群的数量以及它们活化细胞数量.交感神经阻断对受辐照小鼠胸腺指数具有极为显著的降低作用.与正常对照组相比,受辐照小鼠的T、Th和Tc/Ts细胞数量均随辐照剂量的增加而减少,在相同辐照剂量下,虽然阻断组的T细胞数量小于未阻断组,但是Th和Tc/Ts细胞数量均明显大于未阻断组.与正常对照组相比,受辐照小鼠的CD3+CD25+、活化Th细胞和活化Tc/Ts细胞数量随辐照剂量的增大反而有所提高,并且在相同的辐照剂量下阻断组的CD3+CD25+、活化Th细胞和活化Tc/Ts细胞数量均明显大于非阻断组.表明交感神经阻断进一步增强了受辐照机体的免疫抑制作用.     

Transplanted Neural Stem Cells Modulate Regulatory T, γδ T Cells and Corresponding Cytokines after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats

The immune system, particularly T lymphocytes and cytokines, has been implicated in the progression of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although studies have shown that transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) protect the central nervous system (CNS) from inflammatory damage, their effects on subpopulations of T lymphocytes and their corresponding cytokines are largely unexplored. Here, rats were subjected to ICH and NSCs were intracerebrally injected at 3 h after ICH. The profiles of subpopulations of T cells in the brain and peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that regulatory T (Treg) cells in the brain and peripheral blood were increased, but γδT cells (gamma delta T cells) were decreased, along with increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β) and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, and IFN-γ), compared to the vehicle-treated control. Our data suggest that transplanted NSCs protect brain injury after ICH via modulation of Treg and γδT cell infiltration and anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokine release.     

牛胎盘提取物促进淋巴细胞增殖活性的研究

探讨牛胎盘中提高机体免疫力活性成分的分离纯化及其活性验证。分别采用离子交换层析色谱、凝胶层析色谱和反相层析色谱对活性成分进行分离纯化：采用体外检测脾脏淋巴细胞增殖活性，筛选活性成分；采用反相层析图谱和毛细管电泳验证活性成分达到一定纯度。     

活性乳酸菌乳饮品对免疫调节功能的影响

为探讨活性乳酸菌乳饮品对小鼠免疫系统功能的影响,将该饮品按 6.67 ～ 26.66ml/kg BW( 2.5 倍浓缩液)剂量给小鼠灌胃 30 天后,分别检测脾淋巴细胞增殖转化功能( MTT 法),迟发型变态反应性,血清溶血素滴度,碳廓清能力及自然杀伤细胞( NK )杀伤活性.结果表明该乳饮品可明显提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖转化能力,溶血素血清滴度有统计学意义的增加,变态反应性增强,碳廓清能力增强.而 NK 细胞杀伤活性增加不明显,各组间无统计学意义的差异.提示该活性乳酸菌乳饮品具有增强机体免疫功能的作用.     

调和油的配比对人类健康的影响

天然膳食中的脂肪酸分为SFA、MUFA和PUFA,由于它们具有不同的化学结构和物理性状,对健康亦产生不同的影响。三者的构成比与高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病关系密切,所以调和油中脂肪酸合理的比例对人体生长、发育及疾病防治至关重要。深入探讨不同膳食脂肪酸构成比对人类健康的影响,为合理调配食用调和油提供科学依据。     

人参多糖对X射线照射小鼠免疫功能的影响

观察了人参多糖对X射线照射小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,人参多糖组小鼠受一定剂量X射线照射后,脾脏有核细胞数、脾脏淋巴细胞对ConA诱导的增殖反应和ConA诱导脾细胞产生白细胞介素2(IL-2)的能力在不同程度上明显高于对照组。发现在照射后第3d这种现象仍然存在。同时发现,人参多糖组小鼠脾脏NK细胞的活性也明显高于对照组。