The use of site surveys in the collection of recreation data,with particular Reference to the congleton district of Cheshire

The provision of countryside recreation facilities at a local level is likely to receive increasing attention during the next decade. As an integral part of the assessment of the quality of present provision within the Congleton District of Cheshire (U.K.) five site surveys were made. Each site provides different facilities for recreation and interview questions were designed to investigate the background of the visitors and the nature of the interplay between site and visitor. The analysis of answers attempts to illustrate those aspects of this interrelationship, which may be important during the consideration of future provision of recreation sites and their management.     

An environmental purpose artificial island off Belgium

Processing municipal and industrial wastes on land and particularly near inhabited centra has met with increased opposition. An apparent remedy to the problem is the establishment of such facilities offshore, hence various projects to build them on artificial islands. The paper examines a concrete proposal to locate such an island offshore from the Belgian Coast. Oceanographic and environmental aspects of the site are discussed, construction methods reviewed, erosion and corrosion effects looked at. The possibility of utilizing ocean power to provide the necessary operation energy is likewise considered.     

The perils of foreign intervention: the Nile perch disaster for Lake Victoria

The present study involved the use of a pilot scale water treatment plant to treat turbid surface water from a stream using processed Moringa oleifera seed and alum as primary coagulants. At low initial turbidity of 21.5 to 49.3 NTU, residual turbidities of 2.7, 1.8 and 1.4 NTU were achieved after treatment using Moringa oleifera, alum, and alum with Moringa oleifera as coagulant‐aid, respectively. For medium turbidities varying from 51.8 to 114 NTU, lowest residual turbidities of 2.9, 1.2 and 1.4 were achieved after treatment using Moringa oleifera, alum, and alum with Moringa oleifera as coagulant‐aid, respectively. For high turbidity varying from 163 to 494 NTU, minimum residuals of 1.4, 1.9 and 0.9 NTU were achieved after treatment using Moringa oleifera, alum, and alum with Moringa oleifera as coagulant‐aid, respectively. The proposed mechanism for turbidity removal by Moringa oleifera seed in this study is a combination of partial‐charge neutralization and micro‐bridging or an electrostatic patch mechanism based on the results of zeta potential measurements.     

48+80+48 m铁路连续梁悬灌段施工工艺探讨

某特大桥651#～654#墩梁型为48+80+48 m 连续梁,梁全长为177.5 m,梁体砼等级为C50。本文详细叙述了48+80+48 m连续梁悬浇段施工方法。     

The organizational boundaries of housebuilding firms in Korea

This paper investigates the boundary of activities undertaken by Korean housebuilding firms. First, it examines the contractual relationships between housebuilding firms and contractors, focusing on the existence of quasi‐firm type organization in the Korean housebuilding industry. Second, it looks at how far Korean housebuilding firms diversify into other activities outside the industry. Secondary data analysis and an interview survey, carried out over the period between 1980 and 1995, were used. The results show that Korean housebuilding firms depend on a traditional contractual relationship with contractors but that quasi‐firm type organization is not established. On the other hand, housebuilding firms diversify into both related and unrelated business. This diversification could be a short‐term ‘survival strategy’ under a regulated environment rather than a long‐term ‘growth strategy’.     

Collapse analysis of real RC spatial structures using known failure schemes of ferro‐cement shell models

Large‐span reinforced concrete (RC) shells collapses that occurred in the last decade caused many death toll as well as significant losses to national economies. The most famous cases were the collapse of the aqua park cover in Moscow on February 2004 and the 2E terminal roof destruction at Charles de Gaulle Airport near Paris on May 2004. Following the publications of the appropriate commissions that have studied the reasons of these events, the influence of concrete creep and changes in the shell geometry on buckling of RC thin‐walled shells was not properly considered in the design. This study is focused on buckling of such shells, taking into account geometrical and physical nonlinear behaviour of compressed concrete. Other important reasons of concrete shells collapse are also analysed. The study is based on available experimental and theoretical investigations of ferro‐cement shells' models previously performed by the first author. The results of these investigations, obtained for small‐scale ferro‐cement models of thin‐walled shallow RC shells, are discussed. Behaviour of the tested models is compared with that of the above‐mentioned real shells and similar structures, which also collapsed. The critical buckling loads for the shells are obtained. It is shown that these loads are lower than the actual ones; thus, the shells buckling was unavoidable. To prevent brittle shell failure, they should be designed using other dominant failure modes that appear before the buckling. Possible failure schemes of real RC shells can be predicted using dominant failure modes obtained by laboratory testing of scaled models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Social context cognition crowd‐sourcing and semi‐automatic parametrization

This paper presents a semi‐automatic method of parameterizing an existing social context cognition model. It discusses benefits of the social context cognition models for example in personality modeling and their key issue that is parametrization. It briefly introduces social context cognition model and describes a new method of its crowd‐sourcing‐based parametrization. Later, validation is provided, and ability to recreate social context cognition in the provided samples is presented with good generalization for the unknown cases. Finally, model's stability for the continuous stream of dynamic social context input data is shown. Presented system contributes to the believable agent modeling and social simulations by making much needed applications of social context cognition models easier by addressing the so far unsolved troublesome parametrization issues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two micrometer fluorescence emission and energy transfer in Yb3+/Ho3+ co-doped lead silicate glass

Enhanced 2.0 μm and visible up-conversion emissions from Ho³⁺ via Yb³⁺ sensitization in lead silicate glasses have been obtained under the excitation of 980-nm laser diode. The possible energy transfer mechanism has been analyzed based on the photoemission spectroscopy and lifetime measurement. The lifetime of Ho³⁺: ⁵I₇ laser upper level has also been measured. Based on the absorption spectra, Judd–Ofelt parameters, spontaneous emission probability, the absorption, emission cross sections, and gain coefficients have been calculated and analyzed. The results indicate that the Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺ co-doped lead silicate glass has potential application in mid-infrared wavelengths.     

An Unexpected Construction of 2‐Arylquinolines from N‐Cinnamylanilines through sp3 C?H Aerobic Oxidation Induced by a Catalytic Radical Cation Salt

An unexpected reaction of cinnamylanilines was achieved through the radical cation salt‐induced aerobic oxidation of sp³ C H bonds, providing a series of 2‐arylquinolines. The mechanistic study shows that the cinnamylaniline was oxidized to an imine, which was attacked by the aniline generated through decomposition of the corresponding imine. After further intramolecular cyclization and aromatization, 2‐arylquinolines were obtained. This reaction provides a new method to construct 2‐arylquinolines from readily accessible starting materials.

     

Assembly of Enantioenriched cis‐3a,8a‐Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole Scaffolds by Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Domino Reaction of Isocyanoacetates in the Presence of Cinchona‐Derived Chiral Phosphorus Ligands

By using Cinchona‐derived chiral phosphines as catalytic ligands, enantioenriched cis‐3a,8a‐hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indoles (ent‐HPIs), which are core scaffolds in a large array of biologically active natural products, can be convergently assembled under mild conditions through the silver(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric domino reaction of readily available isocyanoacetates and 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)acrylates. Various functionalities can be tolerated in the reaction, affording enantioenriched HPIs in high overall yields and good enantioselectivities (up to 92% ees).