Human uncertainty in explicit user feedback and its impact on the comparative evaluations of accurate prediction and personalisation

ABSTRACT

In this article, we report on the lack of reliability of explicit user feedback and its interpretation in the light of system evaluation. It is known, that given feedback strongly depends on the situational context. But also when many contextual factors are held constant, user feedback still proves to be unreliable. This impacts the evaluation of predictive algorithms since it is not clear whether a deviation between a user response and its corresponding prediction can be seen as a flaw by the system or just as usual ‘human uncertainty’. As a result, the perspective on the evaluation of adaptive systems basically changes. The main goal of this article is to demonstrate that simply increasing the amount of explicit feedback is not the key to sustainable system design innovation, as long as that information is not appropriately evaluated. To this end, we will exploit a novel probabilistic approach of processing user feedback and identify biasing effects on accuracy metrics, error probabilities for system rankings as well as natural limitations of evaluation. Finally, we will discuss possible solution strategies and give advice for handling explicit user feedback that is associated with uncertainty.     

弹序管序识别装置研究

弹序管序识别装置是多管炮立靶精度测试系统的一个子系统,当多管炮齐射连发时,该装置将从炮口射出的一连串弹丸按时间先后排队,并判明每发弹的管序本文介绍了弹序管序识别装置的方案设计和主要电路工作原理     

Five Cent Fantasies: Photographic Experimentation in Illustrated Song Slides

This article examines the production and consumption of illustrated song lantern slides. Motivated by the commercial success of Tin Pan Alley songs, slide companies began illustrating songs with live action photography in the early years of the twentieth century. Shown between reels of film, the slides were an attraction themselves and an integral part of the filmgoers’ experience. The photographic experimentation in these slides, especially that of the firm Scott and Van Altena, is surprisingly novel. They frequently use multiple photograph negatives to exaggerate spatial and scale differences or frame narrative scenes. The author concludes that the layering and scale differences frequently seen in these slides allowed the company to expedite manufacture by recycling photographic images and also appealed to a popular taste for visual tricks in modern American visual culture. Although the imagery was nostalgic and conventional, the compositions challenged the viewer to see in a new, fragmented way. The often surreal effects show that the line between avant-garde experimental photography and commercial photography was not so clearly drawn.     

Interactive Lenses for Visualization: An Extended Survey

The elegance of using virtual interactive lenses to provide alternative visual representations for selected regions of interest is highly valued, especially in the realm of visualization. Today, more than 50 lens techniques are known in the closer context of visualization, far more in related fields. In this paper, we extend our previous survey on interactive lenses for visualization. We propose a definition and a conceptual model of lenses as extensions of the classic visualization pipeline. An extensive review of the literature covers lens techniques for different types of data and different user tasks and also includes the technologies employed to display lenses and to interact with them. We introduce a taxonomy of lenses for visualization and illustrate its utility by dissecting in detail a multi‐touch lens for exploring large graph layouts. As a conclusion of our review, we identify challenges and unsolved problems to be addressed in future research.     

Studies on copolymers of acrylonitrile with resins of furfuryl alcohol: 1. Preparation and thermal properties

Copolymers of acrylonitrile with a furfuryl alcohol resin have been prepared by a free radical reaction, and have been characterized by n.m.r. and i.r. spectroscopy. Their t.g.a. has been performed in air and in a nitrogen atmosphere, to permit the recognition of a number of stages in the weight loss process. D.s.c., also in air and in nitrogen, has identified a number of exothermic and one endothermic process in the copolymers. Solid state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning ¹³C n.m.r. spectroscopy and i.r. spectroscopy has been used to obtain some insight into the chemistry of the various chemical changes, which in air are completed by combustion and in nitrogen leave a carbon.     

一种新型Ka频段功率合成放大器的设计

为了提高Ka频段功率放大器的输出功率,设计了一种新型的毫米波波导内空间功率合成放大器.采用魔T功率合成器和波导-微带双探针转换实现的波导内空间功率分配/合成网络,在毫米波频段实现了宽带、低损耗、幅相对称的四路功率合成放大器.该毫米波功率合成放大器的合成效率,在25~29 GHz高于82%,在25~28 GHz高于86%.     

双重幻方的可变性

本文所给双重幻方有一个明显特点,即经过子块的变化可以生成一系列新的幻方。     

开式弹链脱弹过程建模与分析

为精确分析开式弹链的脱弹过程,以接触理论的基本公式为出发点,推导了弹链脱弹过程的有限元计算公式,从而为开式弹链脱弹过程的求解提供了一种新的方法.利用该方法,结合相应的有限元模型,计算了某型通用机枪弹链的脱弹过程,与试验结果相比,相对误差仅5.4％,说明该方法能够真实的反映开式弹链脱弹过程中弹链以及弹体的受力.与阶梯形圆...     

卵形弹头子弹侵彻铝-铁复合靶的数值分析

运用Johnson-Cook理论模型,在基于有限元软件包ANSYS的显式动力分析模块平台上,模拟研究了弹头侵彻7020铝合金为迎弹面、45号钢为后衬的双层8 mm厚复合靶板的动力过程。在研究中考察了2种材料在不同叠放厚度、弹丸不同着靶速度情况下复合材料板的抵抗动荷载能力。并获得了各种情况侵彻过程下的子弹各动力参量变化情况。研究结果表明：具有特定组分厚度的组合模式更有利于提高防护结构抗侵彻性能、有效减轻自重。     

机枪弹弹头连续成型技术

针对机枪弹弹头成型工序多、设备多、生产人员多的现象,提出了弹头连续成型集成化技术方案。通过对弹头精确传送技术、弹头精确退模技术、弹头立式辊沟技术、安全控制技术的研究,成功地将弹头成型的8道工序集成到了一台弹头连续成型机上,使弹头装配的生产效率得到大幅提高,降低了产品的生产成本,提高了产品的质量。