灾后混凝土工程快速修补材料的研究

为了确定磷酸盐胶凝材料(MPB)的最佳配合比,研究调凝组份、磷酸盐/MgO(w(P)/w(M))、灰砂比、掺粉煤灰对MPB胶凝材料凝结时间和强度发展等的影响规律,并分析它与传统水泥混凝土间的兼容性及其硬化机理.结果表明:当调凝组份掺量为10%左右时,可使MPB水泥凝结时间控制在15～30 min内.当w(P):w(M)为1:2时,MPB水泥浆体的强度达到最高值,3 h抗压强度可达到40 MPa以上,1 d时强度超过50 MPa.灰砂比(w(MPB):w(S))为1:1.5时,砂浆强度达到最高值,3 h抗压强度达到50 MPa,抗折强度达到9.1 MPa.在保持流动度不变情况下,掺粉煤灰并不降低MPB胶凝材料强度,并可使其颜色与普通水泥混凝土接近.MPB遇水后生成以MgNH_4PO_4·6H_2O为主的反应产物,它与传统水泥混凝土间具有很好兼容性,因而适合于灾后混凝土工程的快速修复.     

镁改性FCC催化剂抗镍污染性能和机理

以碱土元素镁为改性元素,采用原位加入方法制备了镁改性流化催化裂化(FCC)催化剂。着重考察并探究了镁改性FCC催化剂对重油催化裂化的抗镍污染性能和反应机理。催化剂理化性质表征结果表明,与常规FCC催化剂相比,镁改性对催化剂的比表面积、孔体积、磨损强度以及堆密度等理化性质没有明显影响。高级催化裂化评价装置(ACE)评价结果表明,相同镍污染条件下,与常规FCC催化剂相比,镁改性FCC催化剂的干气和焦炭产率分别下降了0.38和1.28百分点,而汽油和总液体收率则分别增加了1.38和1.49百分点,显示了优良的抗镍污染性能。抗镍污染机理分析结果表明:镁改性FCC催化剂一方面可以减少催化剂表面酸中心尤其是强酸中心数量,改善催化剂的干气和焦炭选择性,从而提高催化剂的容镍能力;另一方面,高温水热条件下,镁原子能够进入到氧化镍晶格中形成镁 镍固溶体,能够极大地提高氧化镍的还原温度,从而使得镁改性能够显著提高FCC催化剂的钝镍性能。     

Synthesis of LiFePO4/C doped with Mg2+ by reactive extrusion method

Reactive extrusion method is used to synthesizing LiMg_xFe_1−xPO₄/C, using LiOH⋅H₂O, FeC₂O₄⋅2H₂O, P₂O₅ and nano-MgO as raw materials and glucose as carbon source. Samples are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), TG–DTA analysis and electrochemical performance test. Results show that amorphous product can be achieved after the reactive extrusion process. The particle size increases with the increase of magnesium content. Appropriately Mg²⁺ doping can reduce the electrode polarization effectively without seriously effect on material structure and morphology. LiMg_0.04Fe_0.96PO₄/C, showing the best electrochemical performances, has an initial discharge capacity of 155, 148, 140 and 137 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.2 C, 0.5 C, 1 C and 2 C rate, respectively. The discharge capacities remain above 99% after 20 cycles.     

Highly Branched VS4 Nanodendrites with 1D Atomic‐Chain Structure as a Promising Cathode Material for Long‐Cycling Magnesium Batteries

Rechargeable magnesium batteries have attracted increasing attention due to the high theoretical volumetric capacities, dendrite formation‐free characteristic and low cost of Mg metal anodes. However, the development of magnesium batteries is seriously hindered by the lack of capable cathode materials with long cycling life and fast solid‐state diffusion kinetics for highly‐polarized divalent Mg²⁺ ions. Herein, vanadium tetrasulfide (VS₄) with special one‐dimensional atomic‐chain structure is reported to be able to serve as a favorable cathode material for high‐performance magnesium batteries. Through a surfactant‐assisted solution‐phase process, sea‐urchin‐like VS₄ nanodendrites are controllably prepared. Benefiting from the chain‐like crystalline structure of VS₄, the S₂^2‐ dimers in the VS₄ nanodendrites provide abundant sites for Mg²⁺ insertion. Moreover, the VS₄ atomic‐chains bonded by weak van der Waals forces are beneficial to the diffusion kinetics of Mg²⁺ ions inside the open channels of VS₄. Through a series of systematic ex situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations, the magnesiation/demagnesiation mechanism of VS₄ are elucidated. The VS₄ nanodendrites present remarkable performance for Mg²⁺ storage among existing cathode materials, exhibiting a remarkable initial discharge capacity of 251 mAh g^‐1 at 100 mA g^‐1 and an impressive long‐term cyclability at large current density of 500 mA g^‐1 (74 mAh g^‐1 after 800 cycles).     

镁合金化学镀技术研究进展

综述了镁合金化学镀技术的研究历史和现状,重点介绍了镀前处理工序的革新、镀液配方的优化、多元镀以及复合镀技术的开发,在此基础上指出了镁合金化学镀技术今后的发展方向。     

流化床脱水制无水氯化镁工艺研究

水氯镁石(六水氯化镁)脱水制无水氯化镁是盐湖镁资源利用的关键环节,复盐法是水氯镁石脱水的重要方法,由复盐合成、造粒及流态化热分解等步骤组成。采用热分析技术(TG-DTG)研究了复盐热解过程。结果显示,复盐热解主要分为两个阶段:第一个阶段脱去六个结晶水;第二个阶段脱去盐酸苯胺助剂,热重结果为后续实验提供理论依据。实验首先通过均匀液滴喷射技术(振动造粒)制备得到六水氯化镁-盐酸苯胺复盐颗粒。然后在流化床中进行复盐热分解脱水、脱助剂得到无水氯化镁。通过实验探索得到水氯镁石复盐流态化热分解的最佳工艺参数:脱水氮气流量1.6 m3/h～1.8 m3/h、脱盐酸苯胺氮气流量1.0 m3/h～1.2m3/h、脱水温度300℃、脱水时间0.5 h、脱盐酸苯胺温度350℃、脱盐酸苯胺时间1 h。     

盐矿卤水中钙镁离子的深度净化研究

本文将化学净化与吸附净化相结合,考察其对卤水中钙镁离子的深度净化效果.实验结果表明,在一定的pH值下,TD-11吸附剂能吸附去除卤水中的钙镁杂质离子,吸附剂对钙镁离子的吸附能力与活性基团类型有关,Na型基团的吸附能力较强,而H型基团吸附能力则较弱.吸附净化作为化学净化的后道工序,能有效脱除卤水中残存的钙镁离子,有望彻底解决钙镁杂质离子对真空制盐及两碱生产过程的不利影响.     

Long‐chain fatty acid supplemented infant formula does not influence calcium and magnesium bioavailability in weanling rats

The influence of infant formula supplementation with long‐chain‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on calcium and magnesium bioavailability was assessed in rats. Two test diets containing a plain, unsupplemented (PF) or supplemented (SF) infant formula as the fat source and a control diet (C) were administered to weaning rats and food intake and body weight gain were monitored for 28 days. In order to assess calcium and magnesium bioavailability, during the last week faeces and urine were collected and apparent absorption and retention were calculated. Food intake and body weight showed no significant differences between PF and SF but were lower in both groups compared with C. Calcium and magnesium intake did not differ between PF and SF, although both parameters were lower compared with C. Calcium absorption efficiency in PF and SF was significantly higher than in C. However, both groups showed higher urinary calcium excretion and thus no differences were observed in calcium retention. Magnesium absorption efficiency was also significantly higher in PF and SF compared with C, but magnesium absorption was significantly lower in SF compared with PF and C. Nevertheless, urinary magnesium excretion and magnesium retention were similar in the three groups. The consumption of a diet containing an infant formula supplemented with LCPUFA compared with the plain formula does not affect calcium and magnesium bioavailability in rats. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mg2+对羊肉肌原纤维蛋白结构和凝胶特性的影响

通过建立Mg²⁺-羊肉肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)模型,研究Mg²⁺对MP构效关系和凝胶特性的影响机制。研究发现,随着Mg²⁺浓度(0、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05 mol/L)的增加,羊肉MP的理化特性溶解度、乳化活性、乳化稳定性和粒径显著提升(P<0.05),Zeta电位绝对值下降;MP结构特性：二级结构β-折叠占比显著增加(P<0.05);表面疏水性显著提升(P<0.05);内源色氨酸荧光强度在0.04 mol/L最大;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示肌球蛋白和相关轻链蛋白条带强度增强。MP凝胶特性：羊肉MP流变学分析发现,随着Mg²⁺浓度增加,储能模量(G’)先升高后降低;与对照组相比,0.03 mol/L Mg²⁺时,MP凝胶强度提升70.49%;凝胶蒸煮损失、保水性与Mg²⁺浓度呈负相关(P<0.05);低场核磁共振分析得出随着Mg²⁺浓度...     

拉伸残余应力对聚偏氟乙烯纤维力学性能的影响

为得到高断裂强度的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纤维,在后处理过程中利用拉伸产生的残余应力对其进行定长处理实验。探究了该处理过程中最优的工艺条件参数,并利用热分析法、红外光谱法、X射线衍射法和应力拉伸实验等测试手段对纤维的晶体结构、晶区取向、晶粒尺寸、结晶度和力学性能进行测试与分析。结果表明：在残余应力作用的后处理过程中,PVDF发生了α晶型向β晶型的进一步转变,β晶型的含量从74.6%增加到88.7%;结晶度从49.4%增加到52.3%;晶区的取向程度提高,取向因子从0.793 2增加到0.833 4;纤维的断裂强度提升明显,特别在60 °C的水浴下处理3h 时,断裂强度可达到最大值633 MPa,相比未处理前提高了70 MPa。