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1.
Behavior of Magnesium‐Alloys for Automotive Applications under Mechanical and Environmental Loading: Influence of Passivating Films and Mechanisms of Local Breakdown To assure an efficient design of components under cyclic loading, all available data concerning fatigue have to be observed. Therefore the influences of manufacturing on the material condition, the mechanical loads and environmental effects have to be analysed. Magnesium‐alloys are of special interest for lightweight applications because of their excellent strength‐density ratio. The corrosion resistance of magnesium‐alloys depends on the same factors that are critical to other metals. The alloys have a good stability to atmospheric exposure and a good resistance to attack by alkali, chromic and hydrofluoric acids. However, because of the electrochemical activity of magnesium, the relative importance of some factors is greatly amplified. The nature and composition of passive films formed on magnesium‐alloys depend on the prevailing conditions, viz. alloy‐composition, passivation potential, pH, electrolyte composition and temperature. Passive films may be damaged by local breakdown. Because of this, magnesium‐alloys suffer a degradation of their properties when exposed to an aqueous environment. The main topic of the present investigations is the verification of mechanisms of the local breakdown of the protecting film. At least two mechanisms are possible for this localization: mechanical breakdown by slip steps and electrochemical breakdown (for e.g. by the effects of chloride ions). Corrosion and passivation of different high purity alloys have been studied in different solutions (neutral, alkaline with specific anions and cations) using electrochemical techniques. The diecasted alloys were tested as produced and machined. The results clarified that depending on alloy/material and surface condition/corrosion environment different mechanisms for electrochemical breakdown of the protecting films are possible. Hence fatigue life under environmental loading is influenced by surface and testing conditions. 相似文献
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Significant increases in the activity of vanadium(III) amidinate catalysts for ethylene polymerization have been obtained by immobilization on a MgCl2‐based support prepared by reaction of AlEt3 with a MgCl2/ethanol adduct. Catalyst immobilization and activation on this type of support prevents the rapid decay in activity observed under homogeneous polymerization conditions with unsupported catalysts. Stable polymerization activity is also observed with analogous titanium(III) complexes. Polyethylene with narrow molecular weight distribution and spherical particle morphology is obtained without reactor fouling. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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M Isabel Sánchez de Rojas Julián Rivera Moisés Frías Félix Marín 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(3):209-217
Copper slag is a by‐product generated during smelting to extract copper metal from the ore. The copper slag obtained may exhibit pozzolanic activity and may therefore be used in the manufacture of addition‐containing cements. In this paper the effect of the incorporation of the copper slag in cement is measured. Blends of copper slag with Portland cement generally possess properties equivalent to Portland cement containing fly ash, but very different to the silica fume incorporation. Copper slag and fly ash reduce the heat of hydration more effectively than silica fume in mortars. The replacement of 30% cement by copper slag reduces the flexural and compressive strength in a similar way to fly ash; however, after 28 days, the reduction is less than the percentage of substitution. Hydrated calcium aluminate phases were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The pozzolanic activity of copper slag is similar to that of fly ash and higher than silica fume. In the presence of low water/cement ratios, certain pozzolanic materials produce a very compact cement paste that limits the space available for hydration products, a determining factor in the formation of hydrated calcium aluminates. SEM was found to be a useful analytical technique when aluminates are formed and can be clearly detected by XRD. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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介绍了用自然澄清法降低、回收旋涡炉渣中的铜的方法。该方法工艺简单。操作方便,不仅降低冶炼成本,同时提高了经济效益。 相似文献
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结合本钢的生产实际,对炼焦煤的最佳配比作了比较具体的分析,同时对资源,质量、成本也作了比较详细的调查,并提出了本钢焦化厂最佳配煤比方案,由此可看出,最大限度地降低采购成本,继续开发合理的配煤比例,具有广阔的前景。 相似文献
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为了改善M2高速钢共晶碳化物的分布,本文利用小凝固试样变质的方法研究了Ti,N和Mg对M2高速钢凝固组织和硬度的影响。试验结果表明,加入Ti或Ti-N后,共晶碳化物形态和分布有很大改善,而加入Ti-N后对凝固组织有轻微的细化作用,但只添加Ti不补碳时,钢的淬火硬度和回火硬度均下降;加入适量的Mg可以使片状的M2C型共晶碳化物转为鱼骨状的M6C型共晶碳化物,使其分布有所改善,Ti和Mg复合加入可以明 相似文献
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应用音平化渣图象分析和指导转炉造渣操作 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
利用音平化渣图象可以清晰地看出在转炉造渣过程中何时发生喷溅,何时发生炉渣返干和何时化渣正常。应用音平化渣图象和炉渣三元相图,可以正确地分析发生喷溅和返干的原因,从而找到避免突发性喷溅和严重返干的方法。正确的枪位和炉渣碱度控制是实现平稳吹炼的保证,而音平化渣图象能帮助操作工实现这一目标。 相似文献