液固磁稳定床中固含率分布与液相返混特性

固含率分布和液相返混系数是液固磁稳定反应器放大与优化所必需的基础数据。采用床层膨胀高度法、光电法及瞬态点源示踪技术,研究了以SRNA-4催化剂为固相的液固磁稳定床中固含率分布和液相返混特性。试验结果表明,固含率轴向分布基本均匀,径向为“扁-陡曲线”分布。固含率随磁场强度和颗粒尺寸的增大而增大,随液体粘度和空塔液速的增大而减小。轴向液相返混系数随磁场强度和液体粘度的增大而减小,随空塔液速和颗粒尺寸的增大而增大。回归得到了固含率和轴向普朗特准数的关联式,预测值与试验值吻合良好。     

Single-phase and binary phase nanogranular ferrites for magnetic hyperthermia application

The study demonstrates the performance of heating efficiency in single-phase and binary phase spinel ferrite nanosystems. Ferrimagnetic cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) (CFO) and superparamagnetic copper ferrite/copper oxide (CuFe₂O₄/CuO) (CuF) nanosystems of different particle sizes were synthesized through a microwave-assisted coprecipitation method. The heating behavior was observed in range of both field amplitudes (8-24 kA/m at 516 kHz) and frequencies (325-973 kHz at 12 kA/m). The heating efficiency was analyzed and compared by means of particle size, magnetization, effective anisotropy constant, and Néel relaxation mechanism. Indeed, the heating rate was maximized in larger ferrite particles with low effective anisotropy constant. Moreover, though the magnetization and effective anisotropy constant of single-phase CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were higher, the binary phase CuFe₂O₄/CuO nanosystems of similar crystallite size (28 nm) exhibited superior heating efficiency (4.21°C/s). For a field amplitude and frequency of 24 kA/m and 516 kHz, the heating rate of CuF and CFO ferrites with different crystallite sizes decreased in the order of 4.21 > 2.14 > 0.58 > 0.52°C/s for 29 nm > 25 nm > 12 nm > 15 nm, respectively. The results emphasize that binary phase ferrite nanoparticles are better thermoseeds than the single-phase ferrites for the magnetic hyperthermia application.     

液固磁稳定床研究进展

鉴于液固磁稳定床在石油化工、生化工程及环境工程等领域具有广阔的应用前景,本文从流体力学特性、传质过程、返混与扩散等几个方面,对液固磁稳定床的研究进展进行了综述。     

用磁性催化剂 Pd/La1-xPbxMnO3（x=0.20.6）合成碳酸二苯酯（英文）

The magnetic perovskite-supported palladium catalysts Pd/La1-xPbxMnO3 (x=0.2-0.7) were prepared and used for the oxidative carbonylation of phenol to diphenyl carbonate. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area measurement BET, vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) and tem-perature-programmed reduction (TPR). The experimental results demonstrated that the magnetic Pd/La1-xPbxMnO3 (x=0.4-0.5) obtain relative better catalytic activity. It can be explained by higher concentration of oxygen vacan-cies, larger amount and better mobility of lattice oxygen of their support. Furthermore, these samples possess suffi-cient saturated magnetization. Thus, Pd/La1-xPbxMnO3 (x=0.4-0.5) may be suitable for operation in the magneti-cally stabilized bed reactor.     

磁悬浮飞轮抱式锁紧机构碳纤维弹片优化设计

针对磁悬浮飞轮抱式锁紧机构用一体式碳纤维弹片,提出了一种新型优化方法。通过将碳纤维弹片等效为悬臂梁模型,对其进行静力学和动力学分析,得到其最大过盈摩擦力、锁紧力、解锁力、最大弯曲应力和一阶共振频率。基于有限元法,对弹片进行灵敏度分析,得到弹片上端和下端两组互不相关的结构参数,并分别对两组结构参数进行优化设计。优化结果表明,当弹片个数为12时,质量达到最小60.5 g,比最初170 g减少了64%。根据优化结果研制了一套锁紧机构,利用三轴正弦扫频振动和随机振动试验,检验锁紧机构对磁悬浮飞轮系统的保护效果。结果显示,振动试验中定、转子间最大相对振动位移为50μm,远小于磁悬浮飞轮保护间隙200μm,表明锁紧机构能够对飞轮系统实施有效保护。     

磁控大电流MAG焊的磁头优化及应用研究

从增强工程实用性、磁控效果、冷却效果和气体保护效果等角度出发,设计了两种新型的磁场发生装置,并进行了磁控大电流MAG平板堆焊和角焊缝焊接工艺试验.试验结果表明,采用所设计的磁场发生装置进行焊接时,焊接飞溅很小,焊缝成形良好,明显优于采用空心线圈作为磁控器件的焊接效果.     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺高速转子的高精度位置控制

在受到陀螺效应、动框架效应等影响后产生的磁力非线性问题是磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG)高速转子位置精度下降的主要因素。为解决以上问题,提高转子位置精度,本文分析了转子所受磁力的特性,建立了转子系统非线性动力学模型,提出了神经网络滑模控制方法。设计滑模控制律,采用径向基函数神经网络逼近控制律中的非线性模型,自适应算法根据误差在线调整神经网络的权值,同时可以保证整个系统的稳定性。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出方法的转子位置精度达到99%,稳态误差为0.000 2 mm。神经网络滑模控制可以实现MSCMG转子系统的高精度位置控制。     

MSM原理及其在直线驱动器上的应用

磁控形状记忆合金（MSM）是一种新型功能材料，具有形变量大和机电能量转换效率高的特点。该文首先介绍了MSM在磁场作用下的形变机理，并测得在0．4T的磁场下其自由形变率可达3．6％。然后分析利用仿生学蠕动原理将MSM小步距的位移累加形成直线驱动器所需要的大行程的工作原理，设计出了MSM直线驱动器及其控制系统，最后给出了样机的实验结果。     

主被动磁悬浮高速转子系统的自动平衡控制

针对主被动磁悬浮转子高速旋转时质量不平衡和被动磁轴承磁中心的偏移导致的同频振动力问题,提出了一种基于位移陷波加前馈补偿的自动平衡控制方法。首先,在转子为零位移控制状态下提取控制电流的同频成分,计算获得与被动磁轴承磁中心偏移相关的参变量;然后,在额定转速下设计通用陷波器以消除同频电流,前馈补偿主动磁轴承、被动磁轴承位移负刚度力和被动磁轴承磁中心偏移力,使主被动磁轴承的同频输出力为零,实现了转子绕惯性中心旋转。对提出的方法进行了仿真和实验验证并与仅补偿质量不平衡的算法进行了对比。仿真结果显示:提出的方法的同频磁轴承力减小到了只进行质量不平衡补偿算法的6%;实验结果显示:同频振动加速度减小到只进行质量不平衡补偿算法的23.3%。仿真和实验验证了该方法的有效性,表明该方法对同频振动抑制效果显著,实现了转子的自动平衡控制。     

Well‐Combined Magnetically Separable Hybrid Cobalt Ferrite/Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene as Efficient Catalyst with Superior Performance for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Catalysts with low‐cost, high activity and stability toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are extremely desirable, but its development still remains a great challenge. Here, a novel magnetically separable hybrid of multimetal oxide, cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄), anchored on nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (CoFe₂O₄/NG) is prepared via a facile solvothermal method followed by calcination at 500 °C. The structure of CoFe₂O₄/NG and the interaction of both components are analyzed by several techniques. The possible formation of Co/Fe N interaction in the CoFe₂O₄/NG catalyst is found. As a result, the well‐combination of CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with NG and its improved crystallinity lead to a synergistic and efficient catalyst with high performance to ORR through a four‐electron‐transfer process in alkaline medium. The CoFe₂O₄/NG exhibits particularly comparable catalytic activity as commercial Pt/C catalyst, and superior stability against methanol oxidation and CO poisoning. Meanwhile, it has been proved that both nitrogen doping and the spinel structure of CoFe₂O₄ can have a significant contribution to the catalytic activity by contrast experiments. Multimetal oxide hybrid demonstrates better catalysis to ORR than a single metal oxide hybrid. All results make the low‐cost and magnetically separable CoFe₂O₄/NG a promising alternative for costly platinum‐based ORR catalyst in fuel cells and metal‐air batteries.