烯基丁二酸酐的合成及其应用研究

利用正交试验法研究了辛烯基丁二酸酐的合成反应,找出了各种因索对烯反应的影响;比较了不同结构辛烯的相对反应活性;利用不同来源的十二烯烃馏份合成了防锈添加剂(T746),并比较了不同结构烯烃对防锈添加剂防锈性能的影响。     

含铜抗菌纤维

含铜抗菌纤维是一种功能性纤维,具有阻断疾病传播、消除异味、修复皮肤等效果,是新型的抗菌纺织品,目前流行于欧美等国。主要介绍了含铜抗菌纤维的分类、特点,着重陈述了以卡普龙含铜纤维为代表的接枝改性抗菌纤维的抗菌机制及优势。     

Polyethylene/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging Modified with Magnetite and Casein: Oxygen Barrier,Mechanical, and Thermal Properties

Polyethylene (PE) was modified and prepared as double-layer polyethylene/polycaprolactone (PE/PCL) film. Magnetite and casein were added to the PCL-coating film to improve barrier properties and prevent destruction of basic structure of primary polymer PE. Significant improvements were observed with regards to mechanical (tensile strength, elongation at break) and thermal properties, while barrier (O₂ permeability) properties were slightly improved. Overall migration values into acetic acid were lower (from 1 to 4.6 mg/dm²) than the upper limit set by the legislation. Specific migration of iron in PE/PCL-Fe samples is also below (µg/L) specific migration limit value set by the legislation (mg/kg).     

聚乙烯格网阻风、消泡的研究与应用

当废水中有表面活性剂成分时,通常采用消泡剂消除好氧曝气池液面聚集的泡沫,但消泡效果差,同时会增加成本和污染物的量。试验发现超小尺寸格网具有阻风、割裂泡沫的功能,采用超小尺寸格网覆盖好氧曝气池池面,能够彻底解决泡沫乱飞的危害,每年可节省消泡剂费用70万元,人工成本20万元,生化出水CODCr的质量浓度比投加消泡剂时下降15～25 mg/L,而且易于管理。     

氯磺化聚乙烯的结构与性能研究进展

简述了氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)在国内外的主要生产工艺方法,较详细地介绍了基体树脂类型、氯含量、硫含量等结构因素对CSM化学性能如热性能、力学性能以及耐燃性能的影响。同时还介绍了CSM中氯原子序列分布的3种定量分析方法,并对其相应特点进行了阐述。     

Mechanical and dynamic properties of graft polyurethane/allyl novolac resin simultaneous interpenetrating network

Two series of polyurethane (PU)/allyl novolac resin simultaneous interpenetra ing networks (SINs) were synthesized. The PU components were prepared by reacting 4,4′-diphenyl methane diisocyanate with poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO), whose molecular weight range was 600–700 (for convenience, this polymer was called UT1), 900–1050 (UT2) and 1900–2100 (UT3), respectively. The phenolic resin component was synthesized by substituting the hydroxy groups of the phenolic resin with the allyl group. To prove that the alkene group can be applied as a binding element between the networks to improve the network compatibility, trimethylol propane monoally ether (TMPME) with a double bond was chosen as the PU chain extender in one series of the PU/allyl novolac resin SINs (designated TUT1, TUT2 and TUT3 for different molecular weights of PTMO used as PU soft segments). After a detailed study of the thermal, mechanical, and dynamic properties and morphology, the extent of phase mixing of the graft PU/allyl novolac resin SINs (TUT series SINs) was significantly improved over that of UT series SINs. This result is consistent with the loss tangent shift in dynamic mechanical analysis measurements and with transmission electron microscope micrographs. The mechanical properties of the graft SINs (TUT series) were lower than those of the original SINs (UT series) because TMPME with bulky structure was used as the chain extender of PU.     

‘Living’ free radical graft copolymers,II: Structure

Poly(vinyl chloride)–n-propyl xanthate (PVC–nPX) macroinitiators with 3 to 14 bonded xanthate groups per molecule were synthesized using PVC and potassium n-propyl xanthate. The reaction took place rapidly between 30 and 45°C. Ultraviolet (UV) and nuclear magnetic resonance studies confirmed the presence of xanthyl groups on these macroinitiators. The PVC–nPX macroinitiators were grafted by methyl methacrylate under UV irradiation of 254, 302 and 336 nm producing graft copolymers and homopolymers. The molecular weights increased with increasing conversion, which is consistent with a ‘living’ polymerization process. The active species in these polymerizations are believed to be macroradicals and xanthyl radicals.     

Acetaldehyde in Mineral Water Stored in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles: Odour Threshold and Quantification

The use of PET bottles for packaging soft drinks and mineral waters is still growing world wide. The production process for these bottles is improving constantly. These improvements are focussed on bottles with better barrier properties, higher inertness and higher heat stability. One of the factors determining the quality of PET bottles is the release of acetaldehyde into the product during storage. A literature survey was conducted on the odour and taste detection threshold of acetaldehyde in water. A method is described to rapidly determine the concentration of acetaldehyde in water up to a level of 1 μg/l. This method was used to determine the concentration of acetaldehyde in mineral water during storage in PET bottles. In still water no acetaldehyde could be found, whereas the concentration of acetaldehyde in carbonated mineral water increased steadily upon storage. Model experiments were performed to find an explanation.     

交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆受潮的处理

针对潮气或水分进入交联聚乙烯电力电缆绝缘内的情况,现场采用灌入干燥气体、然后通过干燥气体吸收潮气后抽出,通过表计观测,直到电缆满足实际运行要求.     

粉末PET固相缩聚的研究

系统地研究了粉末聚酯(PET)固相缩聚,得到了有效的干燥结晶条件:140℃干燥120 min,180℃再结晶45 min,切片含水率低于30μg／g;研究了反应温度,粉末粒径和N2流量对PET固相缩聚的影响,分析粉末固相缩聚存在N2流量阈值的机理。结果表明:反应温度越高,颗粒越小,固相缩聚反应速度越快;粉末 PET预聚体在一定温度下固相缩聚,存在N2流量阈值。在此流量下,达到该温度下的该粒径粉末的最大界面扩散速率和固相缩聚的最大反应速度。相同反应温度下,粉末粒径越小,阈值N2流量越大。