耐酸性高Mn奥氏体钢的实验研究

为适应特殊油气开采环境的复杂工况条件,提高设备的使用寿命和安全性,降低开采成本,不同于常规管线钢低C低Mn的合金设计思路,采用高C高Mn成分体系获得了综合性能优异的新型耐酸性奥氏体钢.通过拉伸实验、冲击试验以及氢致开裂实验等方法对其综合性能进行研究,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段对高Mn奥氏体钢的组织进行了观察分析.研究结果表明:实验钢抗拉强度达到1 153 MPa,屈强比仅为0.46,伸长率高达50%,-40℃冲击功达到123 J,同时A溶液条件下经96 h浸泡未发现氢鼓泡及裂纹.实验钢显微组织为单相奥氏体组织,组织中存在大量位错、层错以及孪晶.与常规管线钢相比较,实验钢具有低屈强比、高均匀塑性变形的优点.此外,奥氏体组织的溶氢能力极强,本实验钢具有优良的抗氢致开裂腐蚀性能.     

地表水锰污染在水处理中去除研究进展

近年来,我国地表水锰污染现象日趋严重,呈现出季节性、突发性的特点。其主要成因包括外来污染源、岩石土壤的条件、地下水补给和内源性污染。相比于地下水,地表水除锰的研究长期以来未受到足够重视．但可以借鉴鞍为成熟的地下水除锰理论和技术,主要有沉淀法、氧化法、生物法等。其中沉淀法较为简单,处理效果不佳;氧化法技术成熟,应用广泛;生物法环保高效,但大多尚停留在实验阶段,是重点研究方向;其他诸如离子交换法、膜过滤法、吸附法在应用中也都存在一定的局限性。     

Crystallization characteristic of glass-ceramic made from electrolytic manganese residue

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a waste from electrolytic manganese industry that contains high concentration of toxic substances. Since the EMR disposal in landfill sites has a serious environmental impact, new ways of EMR utilization are being sought. Considering the melting of EMR to a glass at high temperature was a relatively less energy-intensive process, EMR was first made into a base glass and then the ground base glass was heat-treated in a certain procedure to make a glass-ceramic and the crystallization process was studied. It was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) that the primary crystalline phases of the EMR glass-ceramic were diopside and anorthite, which formed the surface crystallization mechanism with a crystallization activation energy of 429 kJ/mol. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that a layer of small spherical particles with an average size of about 0.5 μm were covered on the glass matrix surface, and among them there were some big particles. The low melting temperature and crystallization activation energy make it promising to reuse EMR for glass-ceramic production.     

Evaluation of metal-doped manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves in catalytic reduction of NOx from cigarette mainstream smoke

A series of Ag, Cu and Co-doped manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2) were synthesized and evaluated to remove nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) from cigarette mainstream smoke. The three kinds of catalysts were added to cigarettes for studying the capabilities of reducing NO _x from cigarette mainstream smoke. The catalysis and reduction of NO in laboratory were studied. A mechanism for NO _x catalytic reduction from burning cigarettes with the catalysts adding to cigarettes was described. The catalysts show excellent catalytic activity for NO _x removal, especially the Ag-doped OMS-2 catalyst. 0.5% (mass fraction) Ag-doped OMS-2 catalyst has the best ability to remove NO _x from cigarette mainstream smoke. The use of Ag-doped OMS-2 as catalyst for removing carcinogenic compounds from cigarette smoke will be an effective strategy to protect the environment and public health.     

“7.21”涪江突发水污染事件应急监测分析

2011年7月21日,四川省松潘县境内涪江发生锰污染事件,重庆市水文局开展了以锰和氨氮为对象的水质应急监测。通过与上游环境监测机构加强联系,了解污染物动态情况及上游水库蓄放水情况,同时收集涪江的洪水预报模型和实时水情信息,预测了污染物的传播时间。监测结果表明,由于受洪水及沿程吸附作用影响,锰浓度在重庆段恢复至正常值;氨氮浓度的波动可能是由于沿程其他污染物进入河道中所引起的。由于缺乏水质污染模型,未能对污染物衰减情况作出预报。     

超声冲击对高锰钢辙叉组织与性能的影响

利用超声冲击技术对高锰钢辙叉试样表面进行强化处理。用维氏显微硬度仪测量分析横截面显微硬度分布,用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察经超声冲击后的组织变化。试验结果表明:经超声冲击处理后,试样表面的显微硬度显著提高,且随冲击功率的提高逐渐增大,随距表面距离的增大而减小;试样表层经超声冲击产生高密度滑移线,随着距表面距离的增大,由多系滑移逐渐过渡到单系滑移,滑移带与基体没有明显界限;试样表面经超声冲击发生剧烈的塑性变形,冲击功率越大,塑性变形越剧烈,变形层越厚。     

磷矿选矿含锰废水在造气循环水系统中的应用

针对湖北省黄麦岭磷化工有限责任公司磷矿选矿尾水排放锰含量超标的问题,提出将含锰尾水回用于合成氨造气循环水补水的处理方法.采用含锰尾水代替新鲜水补充至含有硫化物、碳酸根以及氢氧根离子的造气循环水系统中;中和沉淀去除锰离子后大部分废水循环利用,少量强制外排至综合废水处理系统处理后达标排放.工程实际运行结果表明：锰离子在合成氨造气循环水处理系统中大部分得以削减,质量浓度由36～41 mg/L下降至3～6 mg/L;强制外排废水再经过合成氨综合废水处理站处理,质量浓度由3～6 mg/L下降至0.5～1.5 mg/L,总去除率达到95％以上,出水水质能够满足达标排放的要求.该工程应用减少了废水中的重金属排放,并对废水进行了综合利用,达到了节约水资源和保护环境的目的,具有节能减排和可持续发展的重要意义.