多孔碳酸钙陶瓷--人造珊瑚的研究

天然珊瑚有三维贯通的多孔网络结构，它的主要成分碳酸钙(CaC03)在人体环境可降解。模拟珊瑚的组成与结构，研制新型的组织工程支架材料有着良好的应用前景。本文探索了多孔碳酸钙陶瓷的制备方法，并通过盐析法制备了一种多孔的碳酸钙陶瓷，有望获得高的孔隙率和孔连通性。     

Lanthanum-Magnesium and Lanthanum-Manganese Donor-Acceptor-Codoped Semiconducting Barium Titanate

BaTiO₃ powder doped with La donor and codoped with Mn or Mg acceptor was sintered at 1350°C/1 h in air. For Ladoped BaTiO₃, the room-temperature resistivity decreased to a minimum at [La³⁺] ∼ 0.15 mol%. For La-Mn-codoped BaTiO₃, the minimum resistivity occurred at [La³⁺] - 2[Mn²⁺] ∼ 0.15 mol%. When the ceramic was changed to a fine-grained insulator by high donor doping ([La³⁺] >0.15 mol%), its semiconductivity was restored, and the relatively homogeneous, coarse-grained microstructure recurred by codoping with either Mg or Mn acceptor, with the transition at [La³⁺] - 2[Mg²⁺] = 0.15 mol% or [La³⁺] - 2[Mn²⁺] = 0.15 mol%. The analogy of a compensation effect between La-Mn- and La-Mg-codoped BaTiO₃ suggested that Mn acceptor added to BaTiO₃ exists as Mn²⁺ ion in the bulk grain region; its influence on the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity behavior is then discussed.     

Electrochemical insertion of sodium into hard carbons

The electrochemical insertion of sodium ions into different types of hard carbons was achieved in electrolytes composed of ethylene carbonate as the solvent and NaClO₄ as the salt. For all the materials studied the sodium uptake increases when the carbon highest heat treatment temperature (HTT) decreases. PAN-based carbon fibres appear to be suitable structures to allow significant sodium insertion. Thus, T650 ex-PAN fibres lead to a reversible capacity close to 209 mAh g⁻¹. In that case, sodium insertion occurs in two main ways: one is the adsorption on the single graphene layers and the other is the concomitant insertion into the porosity that occurs below 0.1 V versus Na⁺/Na. This second mechanism, which is indicated by a low-voltage plateau on the electrochemical curves, allows significant insertion. The compared electrochemical study of two saccharose-coke samples corresponding to different regions of Dahn's classification underlines the importance of the carbon precursor and of the manufacture process. The reversible capacity is equal to 184 mAh g⁻¹ for the sample heat treated at 800 °C which presents a high hydrogen content whereas it is close to 145 mAh g⁻¹ for the one characterized by a HTT of about 1500 °C and a low hydrogen content. The best electrochemical performances are obtained for pyrolyzed cellulose carbons. Indeed, the reversible capacity is about 279 mAh g⁻¹. Outgassing these carbons at 950 °C results in such a decrease of the reversible capacity down to 145 mAh g⁻¹. That can be related either to the thermal elimination of heteroelements or to modifications of the pore size distribution. Consequently, the most suitable hard carbon material for anodic applications in rechargeable sodium-ion batteries should both present a high residual hydrogen content and a significant microporosity.     

新型组合式碳化法生产纳米级碳酸钙新工艺

介绍了组合式碳化新工艺理论依据、工艺特点、设备结构及与传统方法对比情况。新型组合式碳化新工艺具有设备结构简单、操作方便、易于实现自控操作等特点,产品质量稳定,同一套设备控制不同工艺条件,可生产多种晶型、不同粒度、不同性质的纳米级或微米级各类碳酸钙产品,低温能耗低、投资少,连续生产,生产效率高、单塔生产能力大,符合大型化生产需求。     

工业碳酸钡生产过程危险性分析

阐述了工业碳酸钡的生产方法。在碳酸化法生产工业碳酸钡过程中，存在着火灾、爆炸、中毒、触电、灼烫等危险因素。分析了工业碳酸钡生产的原料粉碎工段、雷蒙工段、粗钡工段、化钡工段、石灰窑工段、压缩机工段、碳化工段、过滤工段、烘干包装工段中存在的危险性，并制定了相应的预防及处理措施。指出安全措施应与主体装置同时设计、同时施工、同时投用。     

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of a new Se-doped spinel material for lithium secondary batteries

A new Se-doped spinel material, LiAl_0.18Se_0.02Mn_1.8O₄ powder with a phase-pure polycrystalline was synthesized by a sol–gel method. The material in the 3 V region (2.4 3.5 V) and both the 3 and 4 V region (2.4 4.4 V) initially deliver a discharge capacity of 81 and 178 mA h g^–1 which increase with cycling to reach 110 and 204 after 50 cycles, respectively. The material shows excellent cycleability in the 4 V region (3.0 4.4 V) with almost no capacity loss. The structural integrity of the Se-doped spinel was characterized by charge–discharge cycling tests and X-;ray diffraction.     

裂缝-溶洞型碳酸盐岩水驱油机理研究现状

裂缝-溶洞型碳酸盐岩的油水两相流动形态复杂,本文针对此类油藏水驱油机理研究做了大量的文献调研,阐述了此类油藏的水驱油机理研究现状,并提出新的试验研究方法和建议,以进一步加深对这类油藏驱油理论的认识。     

A STUDY ON THE SCALING RATE MODEL OF CALCIUM CARBONATE IN SATURATED WATER SYSTEM

1 INTRODUCTIONCalcium carbonate scaling is quite common in chemical processes,especially in heatexchangers.Only limited work has been done in mathematical modelling describingthe calcium carbonate scaling phenomenon.Hasson’s ionic diffusion model happenedto be one being rather broadly accepted.     

微波合成阿司匹林的工艺研究

本论文采用微波方法合成阿司匹林，用无水碳酸钠作催化剂量，研究了微波在有机合成中的应用及其他加热原理。利用了交互的正交试验方法，在反应物配比、微波功率，辐射时间和催化剂用量这四个因素中寻找出最佳合成工艺条件，从而提高了阿司匹林的产率，实现了有效地利用微波技术促进有机合成反应。     

PEG1000强化钾盐催化硫醇β-羟乙基化反应

在常压、无溶剂条件下,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为相转移剂,钾盐为催化剂,碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和硫醇(RSH)为原料合成了β-羟乙基烷基硫醚(RSCH2CH2OH).系统考察了PEG对不同钾盐在RSH的β-羟乙基化反应中的固/液相转移作用以及EC用量对RSCH2CH2OH选择性的影响.通过GC和GC-MS计算与测定RSH转化率、RSCH2CH2OH选择性和副产物.结果表明,PEG本身没有催化活性,与单独加入0.5％(以RSH物质的量为基准,下同)K2CO3相比,同时加入1.0％PEG和0.5％K2CO3可显著提高RSH转化率和反应速率.PEG相对分子质量<1000时,PEG对K2CO3催化活性的强化作用随着PEG链长度的增长而增强.RSCH2CH2OH的选择性随着EC与RSH物质的量比(≥1.02)的增大而降低,副产物为乙烯基烷基硫醚和乙二醇.无溶剂条件下,PEG的加入能有效打破钾盐催化剂与液相反应物之间的相界面限制,增强钾盐催化活性,缩短反应时间,提高产品收率.