Modeling Concrete Masonry Walls Subjected to Explosive Loads

Concrete masonry unit walls subjected to blast pressure were analyzed with the finite element method, with the goal of developing a computationally efficient and accurate model. Wall behavior can be grouped into three modes of failure, which correspond to three ranges of blast pressures. Computational results were compared to high-speed video images and debris velocities obtained from experimental data. A parametric analysis was conducted to determine the sensitivity of computed results to critical modeling values. It was found that the model has the ability to replicate experimental results with good agreement. However, it was also found that, without knowledge of actual material properties of the specific wall to be modeled, computational results are not reliable predictors of wall behavior.     

Seismic Displacement Criterion for Soil Retaining Walls Based on Soil Strength Mobilization

This paper presents a seismic displacement criterion for conventional soil retaining walls based on the observations of a series of shaking table tests and seismic displacement analysis using Newmark’s sliding-block theory taking into account internal friction angle mobilization along the potential failure line in the backfill. A novel approach that relates the displacement of the wall and the mobilized friction angle along the shear band in the backfill is also proposed. A range of horizontal displacement-to-wall height ratios (δ3h/H) between 2 and 5% representing a transitional state from moderate displacement to catastrophic damage were observed in the shaking table tests on two model retaining walls. This observation is supported by both Newmark’s displacement analysis and a new approach that relates the movement of the wall to the mobilization of the friction angle along the shear band in the backfill. A permissible displacement of the wall as defined by the displacement-to-wall height ratio, namely, δ3h/H, equal to 2% was found to be of practical significance in the sense that peak friction angle of the investigated sand is retained along the shear band in the backfill. It is also suggested that δ3h/H = 5% be used as a conservative indicator for the onset of catastrophic failure of the wall associated with fully softened soil strength along the shear band in cohesionless backfill.     

AFRP加固砖砌墙体抗剪性能的分析

通过芳纶纤维复合材料(AFRP)加固砖砌墙体的抗剪试验,探讨了AFRP加固砖砌墙体的抗剪受力机理。对AFRP加固砖砌墙体进行应力分析,得到了AFRP断裂时加固墙体水平承载力的弹性力学解析解。理论分析和实验结果表明,AFRP可以较好地提高墙体的极限抗剪承载力和墙体的极限水平荷载,加固效果明显。当AFRP的加固量较大时,墙体在初步破坏后可发生应力重分布,加固后砖砌墙体的水平极限荷载得到了很大幅度的提高。导出的AFRP加固砖砌墙体的抗剪承载力公式的计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

多层空旷砖混结构加固改造与加层分析

某多层砖混结构已经超过设计使用年限,为保证结构安全,对该建筑进行了抗震鉴定,并分析了加层的可行性。针对建筑存在的问题,采取了相应的加固改造扩建方案,不仅提高了建筑的抗震能力,而且改善了内部设施,同时增加了建筑面积,综合效益显著。     

汶川地震中广元市底层框架结构房屋震害调查与分析

2008年5月12日汶川里氏8.0级地震发生后,根据四川省广元市及其下辖青川县和苍溪县震害现场调查记录,比较归纳了三地21幢底层框架结构房屋的震害特征,分析了结构发生各种破坏的原因,对底框结构房屋抗震设计提出了建议.     

浅析影响多层砖房增层改造经济性评价的因素

通过对一组工程实例不同的增层改造方案的经济分析,讨论了多层砖房增层改造时各相关因素对经济性评价的影响,从而得出最终结论。     

深层搅拌桩挡土墙的试验研究及其应用

根据对工程实践和深层搅拌桩挡土墙内部的谷仓土压力的计算分析,提出其设计计算方法;通过土工离心模型试验分析深层搅拌桩挡土墙的破坏机理,验证了该种设计计算方法的正确性;提出了施工中应注意的问题及监测手段。上海地区三个典型工程的实测表明:挡土墙及其四周土体的变形趋势同模型试验是一致的;在饱和软土地质条件下,采用深层搅拌桩作为挡土支护结构具有明显的社会、环境和经济效益,因而是一种很有发展前途的深基坑支护的施工方法。     

高延性混凝土加固无筋砖墙抗震性能试验研究与承载力分析

为研究高延性混凝土(HDC)加固无筋砖墙的抗震性能,设计制作了3片HDC面层加固砖墙、1片钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固砖墙和1片作为对比试件的未加固砖墙,通过拟静力试验,研究了HDC面层加固砖墙的破坏形态、滞回性能及耗能能力。试验结果表明：HDC面层可对墙体形成约束作用,延缓墙体开裂并改变墙体的破坏模式,提高墙体的承载力和延性;与钢筋网水泥砂浆面层加固相比,单面HDC加固的墙体开裂荷载与耗能能力明显提高,承载力下降缓慢。针对试件的破坏形态,考虑未开裂区加固面层对墙体水平承载力的贡献,提出了加固墙体的承载力计算方法,并根据试验结果进行了验证。     

内填钢板墙双肢冷轧C型钢框架抗震性能

内填钢板墙的双肢C型钢框架是一种新型的框架结构体系,建立三层该类框架进行低周往复加载试验,分析其破坏形态、模式及抗震性能,试验结果表明：钢板墙的屈曲起到了良好的耗能作用,内填钢板墙可以提高双肢C型钢框架的承载力和刚度,层间位移角满足抗震设计要求。在试验的基础上,考虑钢板墙的高厚比、钢板墙高宽比、框架柱刚度系数等参数,采用验证后的有限元模型,分析各个参数下内填钢板墙框架的抗震性能,得到了一定的参数设计建议。     

端部约束箍筋对受弯破坏RC剪力墙变形能力的影响

该文从机理分析、试验验证以及有限元模拟三个角度分析了端部约束箍筋对钢筋混凝土剪力墙变形能力的影响规律。混凝土应力-应变模型以及平截面假定的理论分析结论表明当原钢筋混凝土剪力墙破坏为混凝土压溃或钢筋屈曲的受弯受压破坏时,端部约束箍筋对其变形能力有积极作用;反之,如果原剪力墙破坏表现为钢筋拉坏的受弯受拉破坏,增加约束箍筋没有明显的影响。以端部箍筋为参数的剪力墙试验和有限元Vector2的分析结果均支持以上结论。提出了增加端部约束箍筋是否能影响无约束剪力墙变形能力的判定公式,公式能准确判断剪力墙破坏类型,从而判定箍筋是否对其变形能力产生影响,判断公式与试验对比结果非常符合。