微生物对材料的腐蚀机理及控制方法

微生物是影响材料尤其是金属材料腐蚀的主要因素之一.结合国内外的文献资料,介绍了易造成材料腐蚀的微生物的种类及微生物腐蚀的作用机理,阐述了微生物对材料腐蚀的现状,并说明了微生物腐蚀的危害和控制方法.     

政府参与循环农业发展的行为与作用机理分析  ———基于湖北省的实证调研

摘 要 该文从经济学角度对政府参与循环农业发展的作用机理进行了探讨,并结合对湖北省两个国家级 和4个省级生态农业试点县（市）的实地调研,对政府参与循环农业发展的实践行为进行了分析。研究结 论表明:“市场失灵”和循环农业的经济特性是政府参与循环农业的根源所在。当前中央和地方各级政府 围绕循环农业的发展,分别从规划、立法和政策引导、项目推进、环境监管等方面着力推进循环农业的发 展,并取得了较好的实效。与此同时,政府在循环农业发展中仍然存在一些缺陷和不足之处,如政策和法 制体系仍然有待完善、公共基础设施投入不足,技术支撑体系尚未建立等。鉴于此,提出政府应进一步完 善法律法规和政策体系,加强循环农业公共物品的供给、建立地方党政领导主抓循环农业发展责任制等几 个方面。     

Effect of acetic acid on electrochemical deposition of carbon-nitride thin film

Electrochemical deposition method was employed to prepare CNx thin film from methanol-urea solution,and it was shown that adding a little acetic acid in the solution significantly affected the deposition process.After optimizing the experiment conditions,we obtained polycrystalline grains with sizes of about 3―7μm on the faces of single crystal silicon.X-ray diffraction spectrua indicate that the grains are mainly composed of cubic phase mixed with a small amount of β and α phases.     

Investigation on extremal and critical characteristics of ignition time for H<Subscript>2</Subscript>/O<Subscript>2</Subscript> combustion system and their applications

The L, H and C curves in P-T phase are proposed to describe the minimal, maximal and critical characteristics of ignition time of H₂/O₂ combustion system, respectively. The features of H₂/O₂(Air) combustion system, including explosion or not as well as the time delay to achieve its explosion status, can be well shown by explosion limits and these proposed curves. These curves can be described by 1.2k ₁=k _s [M_s], (k ₁₁/k ₁₀+1)k ₁=k _s [M_s], and 2k ₁=k _s [M_s], respectively, which provide a physical explanation for these curves and give another way to establish them. Based on the contour of ignition time, the Z-type explosion limits can be explained by thermal explosion theory. Furthermore, the ignition distance of supersonic combustion is predicted according to the ignition time obtained in a Semenov system, which is very reasonable.     

Orientation angle workspaces of planar serial three-link manipulators

This paper presents a classification on the workspaces of planar serial three-link manipulators, that is, position workspace and orientation angle workspace. Position workspace indicates the region reached by the reference point on the end-effector. Orientation angle workspace indicates a set of angle ranges by which the end-effector can reach with certain orientation for every point in the reachable position workspace. By introducing a virtual equivalent mechanism, reachable position workspace can be divided into several Grashof intervals and non-Grashof intervals. The calculation equations of orientation angle workspace are deduced in three situations according to the relationships among four link lengths in the virtual four-bar chain. Three examples are given for three kinds of relationship of link lengths. The orientation angle workspace of extended groups, that is, two of the three link lengths equal, and the orientation angle workspace when the reference point on the end-effector moves along a non-radial direction are also discussed. A program is developed to calculate orientation angle workspaces and output variation curves of orientation angle workspace and key data within the position workspace. The approach and program in this paper can be used for fast calculation and identification of the variation rule of the orientation angle workspace of any given planar serial three-link manipulator on the basis of its link parameters, and for the design of a highly dexterous serial manipulator with proposed link relations. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 20041070)     

Discrimination for ablative control mechanism in solid-propellant rocket nozzle

The ablation in solid-propellant rocket nozzle is a coupling process resulted by chemistry, heat and mass transfer. Based on the heat and mass transfer theory, the aero-thermo-dynamic, and thermo-chemical kinetics, the thermal-chemical ablation model is established. Simulations are completed on the heat flow field and chemical ablation in the nozzle with different concentrations, frequency factors and activation energy of H2. The calculation results show that the concentration and the activation energy of H...     

中小企业集群演进动力机制的实证研究

在总结企业集群生成动力,发展动力与锁定效应的基础上,构建了企业集群演进的动力机制模型,利用河北省清河羊绒企业集群的调研数据进行了实证分析,在对各个影响因素的作用机制进行具体分析的基础上,将数据带入"企业集群演进动力作用机制模型",得出来现阶段对集群演进产生影响的主要因素.     

创意产业对城市竞争力的作用机理研究

创意产业创造价值的巨大能力已经引起了全球经济的无限关注。创意产业对城市竞争力的提升具有重要作用,但目前的文献研究还没有完善的理论支撑体系。以此为出发点分析创意产业对城市竞争力的作用机理,研究得出创意产业通过四个方面作用于城市竞争力——优化城市结构模式、创新城市经济发展模式、促进城市经济价值提升以及增强城市吸引力,同时将这几个方面进行逻辑梳理,使其与现有理论融汇贯通,一脉相承。     

基于VCG机制和POMDP强化学习的动态频谱分配算法

以认知无线网络动态频谱分配问题为研究对象,提出一种通用的动态频谱分配博弈框架,将频谱的动态变化、认知用户的可能影响频谱分配的自私的网络行为、频谱分配中的信息约束限制和分布式特性在动态频谱环境中加以考虑,通过VCG机制的部署和实施,有效的解决动态频谱分配问题,防止自私用户可能存在欺骗行为;为进一步提高认知无线网络中频谱分配方法的性能,提出了一种动态频谱分配的POMDP强化学习算法,通过认知用户依据它们自身历史信息的观察统计和学习,预测当前竞拍策略,通过累积折扣奖赏影响动态频谱分配。仿真结果表明,基于POMDP强化学习算法可以显著的改善认知用户的行为,提高动态频谱分配性能。     

离子膜车间杜邦膜监测工作总结

通过对杜邦膜NX2002TX和旭硝子公司的F-893膜在第1年应用中运行数据的比较。证明在使用第1年内，NX2002TX膜的性能高于F-893膜。