城市农耕景观规划理论研究

近年来由于自然灾害和人为因素的影响,使得食品安全危机不断地出现在我们身边,人们对于健康绿色生活的愿望越来越迫切。文章通过规划手段,对现实中发生的一些关于人们的生活、饮食等相关问题从城市园林景观角度进行规划分析,通过利用城市农耕景观和城市园林景观相互结合的理论方法,提出了城市农耕景观规划的理论框架,进而给人们创造一个能够参与到环境营造和食品生产等一系列的活动的机会。文章提出了城市农耕景观的垂直空间规划、地域空间规划、水平季节规划和管理对策等,对城市景观规划研究领域起到一定的借鉴作用,推动了城市农耕景观的发展,使城市面貌更完善,食品更安全,进而打造我们的美丽中国。     

Temperature and Spatiotemporal Variability of Salicylihalamide A in the Sponge <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliclona</Emphasis> sp.

The production of salicylihalamide A by the marine sponge Haliclona sp. was investigated. Samples of the two morphologies (green and brown) were collected from four locations covering approximately 1,200 km of coastline. Temporal variation between winter and summer was also examined at Bremer Bay. Chemical profiling by using liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet detection and mass spectrometry showed that salicylihalamide A was produced only by the green morphology. Salicylihalamide A concentration was significantly correlated to water temperature but not to the size or depth of the sponge. Salicylihalamide A concentration was found to differ significantly among locations (Bremer Bay 13.5 μg g⁻¹, Hamelin Bay 11 μg g⁻¹, Rottnest Island 9.9 μg g⁻¹, and Jurien Bay 8.5 μg g⁻¹) partially accounted for by the influence of water temperature. A difference between seasons was also observed in Bremer Bay (summer concentration of 13.5 μg g⁻¹ vs. winter concentration of 8.2 μg g⁻¹). Environmental and physiological factors appear to be important in the production of salicylihalamide A by the green morphology. Additionally, the brown morphology does not produce salicylihalamide A, thus adding to the evidence that this morphology may be a different species.     

多噻烷在啮齿动物体内主要代谢产物结构分析

以原代培养的大鼠肝细胞为体外实验模型，运用红外光谱、高压液相色谱、气相色谱－质谱联机等技术、完成了对多噻烷在啮齿动物体内主要代谢产物的化学结构确证工作。结果表明：多噻烷在啮齿动物体内的主要代谢反应为脱硫反应，主要代谢产物为沙蚕毒素，化学名称为4－N，N－二甲基氨基－1，2－二硫环丙烷。     

新农村建设与农民的选择行为

中国的新农村建设必须在得到农民群体经济行为上的响应后才能获得预期收效。目前农民群体的具有经济合理性的行为与政府的新农村建设的意愿尚存在逆向选择问题。现有的农地产权是约束农民经济行为,使之难以对新农村建设做出积极响应的根本性制度安排。新农村建设预期效果的获得,最终将取决于现行农地产权制度能否发生变迁。     

明确意义 突出重点 大力发展休闲农业与乡村旅游

文章在对休闲农业和乡村旅游进行定义解读的基础上,分析了四川休闲农业与乡村旅游的发展现状,阐述了加快发展休闲农业与乡村旅游的重大意义,提出了大力发展休闲农业与乡村旅游的思路、原则和对策措施。     

A COMPARISON OF HPLC WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AND FIXED WAVELENGTH FLUORESCENCE METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON METABOLITES IN FISH BILE

Fish exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulate only a small amount of PAH in their tissues. Hydrophobic PAHs are readily transformed into hydrophilic metabolites and excreted in bile. Bile samples of five fish species were collected from the Baltic Sea and analyzed using two methods: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection and a fixed wavelength fluorescence method. With the HPLC method PAH compounds were quantitated after hydrolysis, and with the fluorescence method without enzyme-assisted hydrolysis. In HPLC analysis the major metabolite in all fish species, 1-hydroxypyrene, was the only metabolite detected in perch and salmon samples. 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene was detected in a few flounder and in most eelpouts. The correlation between the two methods for pyrene-type metabolites was good (r² = 0.773).     

A New and Practical Synthetic Method for the Synthesis of 6-O-Methyl-scutellarein: One Metabolite of Scutellarin in Vivo

Scutellarin (1) has been used for the treatment of angina pectoris, cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease with a large market share in China. Pharmacokinetic studies on scutellarin showed that scutellarin (1) is readily converted into its metabolites in vivo. In this paper, a new and practical synthetic method for the synthesis of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (3) (one metabolite of scutellarin in vivo) is reported. The benzyl bromide was firstly used to selectively replace the acetyl group at C-7 in 7, and was then used to protect the hydroxy groups at C-4'' in 10, 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (3) is obtained in high yield through these methods.     

订单农业的优缺点分析

随着农业市场形势的改革,订单农业已经成为常见的农业经营结构形式,订单农业的出现,在解决农产品销售、提升农业防御等方面起着积极的作用.但在实际运行中,也存在诸多不足之处,文章详述了订单农业存在的问题,提出解决这些问题的具体办法,助推订单农业良性发展.     

Are There Counter-Landscapes? On Milk Trestles and Invisible Power Lines

The paper takes its starting point from the duality in the Estonian rural landscape shaped by social practices. On the one hand, the changes and management of landscapes follow a political decision. At the same time, the old patterns of semi-legal activity offer a resistant practice. The study is illustrated with the milk trestle, a now-disappeared symbol of recent history in the Soviet countryside. The milk trestles and their role in Estonian country life are studied from a threefold perspective—their functions, meanings and the values behind this symbol. The article is based on ethnographic field work carried out between the years of 2001 and 2002 and traces the phenomenon of how living landscape transforms into deserted landscape; in other words, how story becomes history. The paper shows how the milk trestle landscape functioned as a prolongation of the former landscape behind the ideological layers of the Soviet landscapes.