Methamphetamine use in a rural college population: Associations with marijuana use, sensitivity to punishment, and sensitivity to reward.

This study examined predictors of methamphetamine use in a 6-month prospective study of 2,270 rural young adults. Sensitivity to punishment (SP), sensitivity to reward (SR), and gender were exogenous variables in an observed variable path analysis with 3 endogenous criteria: Time 1 (T1) marijuana use and methamphetamine use at T1 and Time 2 (T2). SP was negatively associated with marijuana use at T1, and this association was attenuated by SR. Male gender was positively associated with marijuana use. T1 marijuana use and SR were positively, and male gender negatively, associated with T1 methamphetamine use. T1 methamphetamine use, T1 marijuana use, and SP were positively associated with T2 methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine use prevalence and the role of distal predictors and proximal indicators of drug involvement are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparative subjective effects of seven drugs including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25).

"Five Ss were tested on nine occasions under two placebos of tap water and under an average effective dose of 7 drugs—ergometerine (Ergonovine), ethyl alcohol, scopolamine (hyroscine), d-1-brom lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL-148), methamphetamine hydrochloride (Methedrine or Pervitin), lysergic acid monoethylamide (LAE-32), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) during 9 different experimental sessions… . The Ss completed a questionnaire inquiring about their perceptual, physiological and cognitive state before they received the drug or placebo and .5, 2.5 and 4.5 hours after receiving it… . Although differentiation between 3 lysergic acid derivatives, Ergonovine, LAE-32, and BOL-148, and between alcohol, methamphetamine, and scopolamine was not clear cut, the number of responses to the questionnaire under these drugs was clearly greater than those given under water… . LSD-25 clearly produced the most frequent and the largest positive responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于光诱导延迟发光的微量毒品检测研究

基于单光子计数测量原理,设计并构建了基于光 诱导延迟发光的微量毒品检测系统。对检测系统的性 能进行了评测,结果显示,光电倍增管(PMT)的固有暗计数为11.5±0.7 photon/s,系统 暗计数为11.7±0.7 photon/s,对外界杂散光的屏蔽性能优异。利用本系统检测得到了健 康人和涉嫌吸食冰毒人员的血 清样本的延迟发光衰减曲线和参数值,结果表明,两种样本的各个参数值差异非常明显 。本检测系统灵敏 度高,所需样品量少,检测过程不与样品直接接触,为生物样本中微量毒品的检测提供了强 有力的工具。     

Anthracene-Walled Acyclic CB[n] Receptors: in vitro and in vivo Binding Properties toward Drugs of Abuse

We report studies of the interaction of six acyclic CB[n]-type receptors toward a panel of drugs of abuse by a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Anthracene walled acyclic CB[n] host ( M3 ) displays highest binding affinity toward methamphetamine (K_d=15 nM) and fentanyl (K_d=4 nM). Host M3 is well tolerated by Hep G2 and HEK 293 cells up to 100 μM according to MTS metabolic and adenylate kinase release assays. An in vivo maximum tolerated dose study with Swiss Webster mice showed no adverse effects at the highest dose studied (44.7 mg kg⁻¹). Host M3 is not mutagenic based on the Ames fluctuation test and does not inhibit the hERG ion channel. In vivo efficacy studies showed that pretreatment of mice with M3 significantly reduces the hyperlocomotion after treatment with methamphetamine, but M3 does not function similarly when administered 30 seconds after methamphetamine.     

Methamphetamine abuse and impairment of social functioning: A review of the underlying neurophysiological causes and behavioral implications.

The highly addictive drug methamphetamine has been associated with impairments in social cognitions as evidenced by changes in users' behaviors. Physiological changes in brain structure and functioning, particularly in the frontal lobe, have also been identified. The authors propose a biopsychosocial approach to understanding the effects of methamphetamine addiction by relating the physiological effects of the drug to the behaviors and social cognitions of its users, through the application of the theory of mind paradigm. Although onset of methamphetamine use has been linked to the desire for socialization, chronic use has been associated with an increase in depression, aggressiveness, and social isolation, behaviors that also implicate involvement of the frontal lobe. The reviewed literature provides strong circumstantial evidence that social-cognitive functioning is significantly impacted by methamphetamine use and that the social isolation, depression, and aggressiveness associated with chronic use is due to more than just the social withdrawal associated with addiction. Treatment considerations for methamphetamine must therefore consider the role of social cognition, and pharmacological responses must address the documented impact of the drug on frontal lobe functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)