以SnO/ZnO为催化剂合成油酸正丁酯

研究了以SnO／ZnO为催化剂合成油酸正丁酯，优化的工艺条件为：催化剂中ZnO含量为0．04～0．05，催化剂用量为1．0％（占总投料量质量分数），酸醇投料比n油酸：n丁醇为1：1．6，反应温度140～145℃，反应时间1．0h，产品收率达95％以上，催化剂可重复使用4次，再生容易。     

Enhancement of the electrooxidation of ethanol on a Pt–PEM electrode modified by tin. Part I: Half cell study

The direct platinisation of a solid polymer electrolyte (Nafion^® membrane) was realized by chemical reduction of a platinum salt. The Pt–PEM electrodes thus obtained were modified by tin to improve the electrocatalytic activity towards the electrooxidation of ethanol. The Pt–PEM and Pt–Sn–PEM electrodes were characterized by TEM, EDX and XRD analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and their polarisation curves for the electrooxidation of ethanol were determined under quasisteady state conditions.     

抑制锡须的方法

无铅封装工艺是IC制造商为了顺应电子产品无铅化趋势而发展起来的,但存在晶须生成的潜在威胁。因此,锡须的抑制方法成为研究的关键。对电子集成电路封装行业中常见的9种抑制锡须的方法──避免局部镀纯锡,选择亚光或低应力镀锡,选择适宜的镀层厚度,选择适宜的阻挡层,纯锡镀层表面回流处理,退火处理,避免在纯锡镀层表面进行压负载操作,采用有机涂层或其它金属涂层,采用适宜的电镀添加剂等进行了总结,为IC业无铅电镀提供参考依据。     

酸性镀锡液的新进展

从近几年美国发明专利的角度扼要综述酸性镀锡液的新进展。说明酸性镀锡液由氟硼酸盐型发展为烷基磺酸盐型的改进过程。列出参考文献９篇。     

化学镀镍复合配位剂的研究

采用对比试验和正交试验,以镀速、孔隙率、镀液稳定性和镀层硬度为评价指标,研究了单一配位剂及复合配位剂对镀液和镀层性能的影响,得到了复合配位剂的最优组合:8.4g/L乳酸,6g/L苹果酸,9g/L柠檬酸,8g/L丁二酸,1g/L丙酸。采用该复合配位剂的工艺配方可提高镀液使用寿命,获得性能优良的镀层。     

选择性螯合滴定法测定电镀液中的锡铜铅

提出了测定电镀液中锡铜铅的一个简易快速螯合滴定法.用EDTA螯合锡(Ⅳ)、铜(Ⅱ)、铅(Ⅱ)和其它金属离子,然后分别用三羟基苯甲酸、巯基丁二酸和氨荒丙酸解蔽.释放出的EDTA,用锌标准溶液反滴定(XO-CPB为混合指示剂).终点变化相当敏锐.研究了测定锡、铜、铅时一般共存离子的干扰.此法已被成功地用于测定锡-铜-铅合金电镀液和镀层锡铜铅合金中的锡、铜和铅.     

重铬酸钾滴定法测定甲基磺酸锡中Sn~(2+)和Sn~(4+)的含量

研究了以重铬酸钾间接滴定甲基磺酸锡中Sn2+和Sn4+含量的方法。在6mol/L盐酸中用锌粉把Sn4+还原为Sn2+,加入硫酸铁铵快速氧化Sn2+,硫酸铁铵中的Fe3+被还原为Fe2+。用重铬酸钾滴定Fe2+来间接测定Sn2+和Sn4+含量。方法相对标准偏差为1.65‰,回收率99.98%。该方法简便,快速,结果准确可靠。     

浮法硼硅酸盐玻璃下表面渗锡的研究

根据实验样品的成分,制定一定的浮法成型的温度制度,采用自制小型石墨锡槽,模拟硼硅酸盐玻璃的浮法成型过程,用电子探针结合能谱仪,测试浮法硼硅酸盐玻璃在1250~650℃温度范围内不同温度段下表面渗锡的分布情况,研究硼硅酸盐玻璃不同于传统钠钙硅浮法玻璃的渗锡特点。研究结果表明,在特定的浮法工艺制度下,硼硅酸盐玻璃渗锡的深度达到40μm左右,并且高温段锡离子以纵向深度扩散为主,低温下锡离子主要在玻璃的近表面富集。在浮法成型的过程中,渗锡的分布曲线上会出现卫星峰,但是最终在出锡槽的温度下渗锡曲线是单调递减的。     

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Cadmium Tin Oxide Ceramics in As-Fired and Electrochemically Reduced Forms

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been employed to investigate the chemical nature of samples of dicadmium stannate (Cd₂SnO₄) in the as-fired, electrochemically reduced, and reoxidized states. The reduction of Cd₂SnO₄ was found to be associated with a dramatic color change from bright yellow to dark green, a phenomenon commonly known as the electrochromic effect. Both quantitative XPS results and binding energy measurements proved that, upon exposure of the reduced ceramic bodies to air, the Sn²⁺ to Sn⁴⁺ transition readily took place to produce the intermediate compound, Cd₂SnO₃ with divalent tin. Prolonged exposure to the atmosphere did not result in further progress of reoxidation extending to monovalent cadmium. However, complete reoxidation of the reduced samples was possible by annealing in air at 350°C for a short period of time, e.g., 3 h, by which the original features of the as-fired state such as color and electrical conductivity were restored. The results also showed that reoxidized samples at high temperature assume the same XPS characteristics as those of as-fired ceramics.