吸收剂量对二甲基硅橡胶与甲基乙烯基硅橡胶分子量和凝胶含量的影响

将ＧＰＣ和特性粘数［η］测定相结合，在室温和－７８℃下，用Ｃｏ~（６０）辐射源辐照，研究了二甲基硅橡胶（ＭＱ，吸收剂量２．０５×１０~３～３．９７×１０~４Ｇｙ）和甲基乙烯基硅橡胶（ＭＶＱ，吸收剂量１０~２～１０~４）分子量和凝胶含量的变化。结果表明，辐照ＭＶＱ较辐照ＭＱ易生成凝胶，在凝胶点前的较低吸收剂量时，溶胶的分子量出现极大值，分子量分布曲线呈单峰；随吸收剂量的增加，分子量分布变窄，分子量降低；出现凝胶的吸收剂量，ＭＱ大约是ＭＶＱ的１０倍。辐照ＭＱ时，凝胶点前的溶胶的分子量分布曲线为双峰，并随吸收剂量的增加，双峰消失，分子量下降；在凝胶点时，分子量出现极大值。     

Synthesis of Biodiesel from Soybean Oil using Heterogeneous KF/ZnO Catalyst

Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using ZnO loaded with KF as a solid base catalyst. It was found that the catalyst with 15 wt.% KF loading and calcined at 873 K showed the optimum activity. XRD, IR and Hammett indicator method were employed for the catalyst characterization. The results showed the activity of the catalysts was correlated with their basicity. The influence of various reaction variables on the conversion was also discussed.     

丙烯酸酯无皂乳液的研究

在甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯的无皂乳液体系中，加入适量的自制聚氨酯型反应性乳化剂(URE)，考察单体配比和有机溶剂对乳胶膜性能的影响，并研究了聚合物乳液的稳定性。结果表明：与传统乳液聚合体系相比，所合成的胶乳耐电解质、耐酸碱、耐有机溶剂的性能均好。     

柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法快速测定3,5-二氯苯甲酰氯

以无水甲醇作柱前衍生试剂，建立了反相高效液相色谱法间接测定3，5-二氯苯甲酰氯的新方法。实验结果表明，在流动相：甲醇-水（85：15），流速：1．0mL／min，检测波长：288nm的条件下，定量校正曲线具有良好的线性关系，相关系数（r）为0．9999。方法用于样品中标题物质的测定，RSD=0．19％（n=6），加标回收率为99．9％-105％。     

吡啶为助剂合成甲酸甲酯的动力学研究

在60～90℃对以吡啶为助催化剂由一氧化碳合成甲酸甲酯的反应进行了动力学研究。结果表明该反应为2级反应,速率方程rυ=-dpco/dt=k[MOH]pco,无助催化剂时反应活化能Ea=67.63kJ/mol,反应速率常数k=9.66×106exp(-67.63×103/RT)(mol-1·L·min-1);当有助催化剂存在时,反应活化能为Ea=61.19kJ/mol,反应速率常数k=8.82×106exp(-61.19×103/RT)(mol-1·L·min-1)。并对助催化剂吡啶的助催化机理进行了探讨。     

固体铁系超强酸催化合成苯甲酸甲酯

报道固体铁系超强酸作为酯化催化剂,催化合成苯甲酸甲酯。其最佳反应条件为:n(醇)∶n(酸)=4∶1,固体超强酸用量为反应物总质量的6%,反应时间4h,酯收率达90.6%。     

连续加压炔化反应合成脱氢芳樟醇

研究了以液氨为溶剂 ,在反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,压力 2 0～ 2 5MPa的条件下 ,6 甲基 5 庚烯 2 酮连续加压乙炔化反应制备脱氢芳樟醇工艺 ,考察了反应时间、物料量比对反应的影响 ,并对反应机理作了初步探讨。实验表明 ,反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,压力 2 0～ 2 5MPa ,n (6 甲基 5 庚烯 2 酮 )∶n (催化剂 )∶n(乙炔 )∶n(液氨 ) =7∶1∶5 1∶15 3,反应时间为 2 1h ,脱氢芳樟醇收率为 92 %～ 94 % ,产品经减压精馏后 ,脱氢芳樟醇质量分数大于 98%     

Transient testing of soy methyl ester fuels in an indirect injection,compression ignition engine

An evaluation of the exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine for fuels composed of 100 and 30% methyl esters of soy oil (SME) is described. These fuels were compared with a low-sulfur, petroleum #2 diesel fuel in a Caterpillar 3304, prechamber, 75 kW diesel engine, operated over heavy- and light-duty transient test cycles developed by the United States Bureau of Mines. More than 60 h of testing was performed on each fuel. The objective was to determine the influence of the fuels upon diesel particulate matter (DPM) and gaseous emissions. The effect of a modern diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) also was determined in an effort to minimize emissions. Neat SME produced a higher volatile fraction of the DPM, but much less carbon soot fraction, leading to overall DPM reductions of 23 to 30% for the light- and heavy-duty transients. The DOC further reduced the volatile fraction and the total DPM. The SME fuel reduced gaseous emissions of CO by 23% and hydrocarbons by over 30% without increasing NO_x. The DOC further reduced CO and hydrocarbon levels. Mutagenicity of the SME exhaust was low. Results indicate that SME fuel, used with a proper DOC, may be a feasible emission reduction technology for underground mines. References to specific products do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, a now defunct agency.     

二种双邻位甲基取代的聚芳醚酮类树脂的合成与性能

合成二种双邻位甲基取代的聚芳醚酮类聚合物,聚芳醚酮醚酮酮(DM-PEKEKK)和聚芳醚酮酮醚酮酮(DM-PEKKEKK),用FT-IR、1H NMR、DSC、WAXD、TG等技术对其进行表征,研究表明:较之于未取代的PEKEKK和PEKKEKK玻璃化转变温度和溶解性能大幅度提高,热分解温度有所下降,但均在450℃以上.     

两亲性聚合物多孔微球的制备研究

合成了具有悬挂双键的苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯多孔微球,在悬挂双键处接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯,制成了一系列不同接枝度的两亲性聚合物多孔微球。考察了悬挂双键数量、反应时间等因素对接枝率的影响以及接枝率对微球形貌的影响。实验中通过观测澄清点,有效地控制了反应后期自加速现象对接枝率的影响。在反应时间25 m in时,制得了平均孔径为50 nm的两亲性多孔微球。将该微球用于对化妆品活性组分的负载,对极性物的负载率比接枝前高出2倍。