气相色谱法测定生物柴油产率

为了准确测定生物柴油的成分及产率,以十三酸甲酯为内标,建立了气相色谱测定大豆油生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯的方法.采用FID检测器,程序升温140～240℃,检测生物柴油得到各脂肪酸甲酯含量在各自线性范围内的相关系数r大于0.999,平均回收率为100.44％ ～103.20％,相对标准偏差为0.16％～1.48％,该方法简明精确.通过测定生物柴油样品中各脂肪酸甲酯的含量,与完全酯化生物柴油样品中脂肪酸甲酯的含量进行比较,即可得出生物柴油的产率.     

海狗油中脂肪酸的组成成分

研究了两种不同的衍生化方法对海狗油中脂肪酸成分分析的影响．分别用杂环化法和甲酯化法衍生化海狗油，应用气相色谱-质谱联用法对海狗油其中含有的脂肪酸成分进行分析，结果发现：用杂环化法衍生化海狗油，再经GC／MS分析可分离鉴定出30个峰，30种成分，并能对长链多不饱和脂肪酸的双键位置进行准确地定位；用甲酯化法衍生化海狗油，再经GC／MS分析只能分离出25个峰，15种成分得到鉴定(有的峰为同一种成分)，有两个峰未确定，且双键数目相同而位置不同的脂肪酸的色谱峰分离不够理想．总体而言，杂环化衍生化法优于甲酯化衍生化法．     

生物柴油的发展现状和应用前景

生物柴油是一种来自于动物或植物的可再生燃料资源,具有优良的生物可降解性.目前在世界各国正掀起开发利用生物柴油资源的热潮.对目前国际上生物柴油开发和利用现状进行了介绍,对中国生物柴油的开发和应注意的问题进行了分析和阐述.     

Effect of slaughter season on fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid isomers and nutritional value of intramuscular fat in Barrosã-PDO veal

This paper describes the influence of slaughter season on lipid content, fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric profile and nutritional value of fat in Barrosã veal from calves reared according to the specifications of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Barrosã purebred calves (n = 27) were raised in a traditional production system and slaughtered in early autumn (October) and late spring (June). Barrosã-PDO veal only presented seasonal differences in the levels of some minor fatty acids and CLA isomers, as well as in the PUFA/SFA ratio. Based on the analysed grass intake indicators, it was shown that veal-PDO has similar values to pasture-fed cattle for both slaughter seasons. From a human nutrition perspective, intramuscular fat in Barrosã-PDO veal has a high nutritional value throughout the year, since CLA contents and the percentages of the c9,t11 isomer are relatively high, and the n − 6/n − 3 ratios are within the recommended values for the human diet.     

The ability of gallate and pyrogallol moieties of catechins to inhibit P-glycoprotein function

The role of structure–activity relationships in the ability of catechins to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function was investigated with respect to gallate and pyrogallol moieties. Experiments using octyl derivatives of gallic acid indicated that the gallate moiety required the catechol group and a neighboring carbonyl group to inhibit P-gp. On the other hand, the pyrogallol moiety appeared to require three hydroxyl groups to inhibit P-gp, according to comparisons between (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The difference in the number of hydroxyl groups that gallate or pyrogallol moieties required for P-gp inhibition, was due to the presence of a carbonyl group. The P-gp inhibition by catechins was restricted by their hydrophobicity. The pyrogallol moiety of EGC did not appear to inhibit P-gp because of its low hydrophobicity. The P-gp inhibitory activity of EGCG was speculated to be increased by the addition of long carbon chains to the C3″of gallate moieties.     

离子液体中不同形貌ZnO的制备及光催化性能

采用水热反应的方法,以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([BMIM]Br)离子液体为反应介质,在140℃的温度下合成了不同形貌的ZnO粉体光催化剂.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析方法对产物的结构进行了表征.结果表明,所合成的不同形貌的ZnO粉体均属于六方晶相,同时具有纤锌矿结构,且离子液体对产物产生了一定的修饰作用.在以紫外灯为光源的条件下,将有机染料甲基橙为目标降解物,使用自制光催化反应器进行了光降解实验,考察了所制备出的不同形貌ZnO粉体的光催化活性.     

Influence of composition and molecular mass on the morphology,crystallization and melting behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends

Results are reported on the influence of composition and molecular mass of components on the isothermal growth rate of spherulites, on the overall kinetic rate constant, on the primary nucleation and on the thermal behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. The growth rate of PEO spherulites as well as the observed equilibrium melting temperatures decrease, for a given T_c or ΔT, with the increase of PMMA content.Such observations are interpreted by assuming that the polymers are compatible in the undercooled melt, at least in the range of crystallization temperatures investigated. Thermodynamic quantities such as the surface free energy of folding σ_e and the Flory-Huggins parameter χ₁₂ have been obtained by studying the dependence of the radial growth rate G and of the overall kinetic rate constant K from temperature and composition and the dependence of the equilibrium melting temperature depression ΔT_m upon composition, respectively.     

Improvement of Coffee Aroma by Removal of Pungent Volatiles Using A-Type Zeolite

Experimental studies were conducted using molecular sieve zeolites to remove pungent smell components from a coffee aroma-containing gas evolved from roasted and ground coffee packed in a percolation vessel. The components such as methyl mercaptan or acetaldehyde were selectively adsorbed from coffee volatiles, and a decrease of pungent odor was recognized on sensory evaluation. The adsorption selectivity was based on pore sizes of adsorbents and molecular sizes of adsorbates. Zeolite 5Å was preferable to 4Å for separation efficiency of methyl mercaptan and recovery yield of residual volatile compounds.     

固体酸SO42-/TiO2催化葡萄糖制备乙酰丙酸甲酯

通过沉淀.浸渍法制备了一系列不同焙烧温度的SO<,4><'2->/TiO<,2>固体酸催化剂,用于在甲醇中催化转化葡萄糖制备乙酰丙酸甲酯,探讨了不同反应条件及催化剂重复使用次数对乙酰丙酸甲酯得率的影响,并利用XRD和NH<,3>-TPD对使用前后的催化剂的结构和酸性进行了表征.实验结果表明:500℃焙烧3h的催化剂,在...     

Impact of postharvest methyl jasmonate treatment on the volatile composition and flavonol content of strawberries

BACKGROUND: Although strawberry aroma is very complex, certain compounds have been described as main contributors, i.e. furanones, aldehydes, alcohols, sulfur compounds and particularly methyl and ethyl esters. In addition, strawberries possess potent antioxidant activity because of their high content of phenolic compounds. Among them, flavonols are highlighted as important antioxidant compounds in strawberry. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the composition of the major contributors to aroma and on the content of certain flavonols in strawberry fruits. RESULTS: The levels of all studied volatile compounds were significantly affected by MJ treatment, though the individual effect differed according to the specific compound considered. Most of them increased significantly (P < 0.05), except methyl butanoate, which always showed higher levels in untreated strawberries. In contrast to aroma compounds, the change in the concentration of flavonols (i.e. myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol) was not significant in MJ‐treated strawberries. Considering the health‐promoting activity of these compounds, further investigations on the experimental conditions related to the treatment are required to control flavonol bioformation by means of MJ. CONCLUSION: The exogenous application of MJ vapour to strawberry enhances, in general, the production of the most relevant aroma‐active compounds. On the contrary, MJ treatment does not appear to influence the levels of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol. Thus postharvest MJ treatment is proposed as an approach to obtain improved strawberry fruits in terms of sensory quality and health‐promoting properties. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry