气相色谱法测定生物柴油中多种脂肪酸甲酯

研究了生物柴油中硬脂酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯的气相色谱分析方法,确立了最佳分析条件.实验以水杨酸甲酯为内标,采用Hp-1大口径毛细管色谱柱,不分流进样,使生物柴油中多种脂肪酸甲酯得到良好分离,建立了一种简单、快速、准确的生物柴油测定方法.硬脂酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯的平均回收率为95.00%～99.27%(n=5),相对标准偏差为0.64%～3.05%(n=5).     

丙烯酸树脂类纸张透明剂对纸张性质的影响

以丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯为原料,采用乳液聚合法,合成丙烯酸酯类纸张透明剂;并用所得透明剂浸渍纸张,探讨其对纸张透明度、白度、透气度、抗张指数、耐折度和耐破指数的影响。     

漆酶/介体处理纸浆的反应性能及动力学研究

采用溶解氧分析仪对漆酶和漆酶/介体处理未漂KP浆过程中的氧气质量浓度进行测定,研究了不同条件下漆酶/介体处理纸浆的反应性能,通过对实际动力学曲线的拟合,建立了漆酶/介体体系催化氧化反应的动力学模型。结果表明:不同的介体中,丁香酸甲酯(MS)协同漆酶处理纸浆表现出较活跃的反应性能。漆酶单独处理MS(无纸浆)也消耗一定的氧气。单加漆酶处理纸浆时,初始几分钟内反应速率较快,之后体系中氧气质量浓度基本不变。漆酶/MS处理未漂KP浆时,在30 min内即可消耗完密闭反应体系中的氧气。漆酶/MS对纸浆中木素的催化氧化反应符合一级指数幂函数动力学特征。     

TiO_2/SiO_2催化合成甲基苯基碳酸酯

采用沉淀-浸渍法制备了Ti O2/Si O2催化剂,并将其用于催化碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与碳酸二苯酯(DPC)逆歧化制备甲基苯基碳酸酯(MPC)。研究了载体种类、Ti O2负载量、反应温度、反应时间、原料配比和催化剂用量等因素对逆歧化反应的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD,BET,NH3-TPD等技术的表征。实验结果表明,Ti O2在载体Si O2表面分散较好,催化剂具有较大的比表面积和孔体积,利于反应物和产物的扩散,催化性能较好。当Ti O2负载量为15%(w)时,催化剂表面的弱酸量最多,催化活性最高。在DPC用量0.35 mol、n(DMC)∶n(DPC)=3、15%Ti O2/Si O2催化剂用量5%(相对于DPC质量)、反应温度160℃、反应时间2 h、搅拌转速500 r/min的最佳工艺条件下,DPC转化率和MPC收率分别为81.5%和78.6%。     

MTBE装置绿色环保生产运行探索

分析MTBE装置停工、开工、正常生产过程中的环境风险,介绍哈尔滨石化在降低环境风险方面的经验,提出了延长催化剂使用寿命可以有效降低风险的措施。     

Synthesis of well-defined star-branched polymers by stepwise iterative methodology using living anionic polymerization

This article reviews the synthesis of regular and asymmetric star-branched polymers with well-defined structures by methodologies using living anionic polymerization, especially focusing on the synthetic approaches accessible for precisely controlled architectures of star-branched polymers concerning molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, arm number, and composition. The reason for selecting living anionic polymerization from many living/controlled polymerization systems so far developed is that this living polymerization system is still the best to meet the strict requirements for the precise structures of star-branched polymers. Furthermore, we herein mainly introduce a novel and quite versatile stepwise iterative methodology recently developed by our group for the successive synthesis of many-armed and multi-compositional asymmetric star-branched polymers. The methodology basically involves only two sets of the reaction conditions for the entire iterative synthetic sequence. The reaction sequence can be, in principle, limitlessly iterated to introduce a definite number of the same or different polymer segments at each stage of the iteration. As a result, a wide variety of many-armed and multi-compositional asymmetric star-branched polymers can be synthesized.     

Separation of glycerol from FAME using ceramic membranes

International standards (e.g., ASTM D6751 and EN14214) limit the presence of free glycerol in biodiesel. The traditional water wash method for removing glycerol from crude fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) obtained in the production of biodiesel results in waste waters that cannot be readily discharged. To circumvent the water wash purification method, a membrane separation system using ceramic membranes was designed, constructed and tested for the removal of glycerol from crude FAME from a biodiesel production process. Ceramic membranes in the ultrafiltration (0.05 μm) and microfiltration (0.2 μm) ranges were tested at three different operating temperatures: 0, 5 and 25 °C. All runs separated glycerol from the crude FAME. International standards for glycerol content in biodiesel were met after 3 h when utilizing the ultrafiltration membrane setup at 25 °C with a concentration factor greater than 1.6.     

臭氧/活性炭组合工艺降解甲基红印染废水的试验研究

文章采用臭氧/活性炭组合工艺对甲基红印染废水进行降解试验,考察了甲基红废水的pH、活性炭投加量、温度和臭氧流量等参数对印染废水色度和CODCr去除率的影响,确定了臭氧/活性炭组合工艺降解甲基红印染废水的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在pH为3.5,温度为25℃,活性炭投加量为120 mg/L,臭氧流量为0.83 L/min,初始浓度为10 mg/L的条件下降解10 min,臭氧/活性炭组合工艺对甲基红废水的脱色率达到97.4%,CODCr去除率达到85.2%。该组合工艺能有效地去除印染废水的色度和CODCr,使出水水质达到处理标准。     

浅论自由基型阻聚剂ZJ-701在丙烯酸甲酯生产中的应用

比较了前人对乙烯基类单体生产中常用链转移型阻聚剂和自由基型阻聚剂ZJ-701的阻聚机理及阻聚效果的研究成果,进行了ZJ-701在丙烯酸甲酯生产中应用优势的浅论。