大孔吸附树脂精制紫胶红色素的研究

研究大孔吸附树脂吸附精制紫胶红色素的工艺。以紫胶红色素吸光度为指标,比较大孔吸附树脂的吸附性能和解吸参数,筛选从紫胶洗色原液精制紫胶红色素的较优大孔吸附树脂,确定大孔吸附树脂精制紫胶红色素的工艺参数。结果表明：AB-8 大孔吸附树脂对紫胶红色素有良好的吸附性能;解吸液为pH7、20% 乙醇溶液,除杂精制效果好,解吸率大于90%;经AB-8 大孔吸附树脂吸附/ 解吸精制后的色素色价是未精制色素的2.96 倍,树脂可多次重复使用,说明采用大孔吸附树脂精制紫胶红色素是可行的。     

Effects of four multi-compound freezing medium on the quality of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) during frozen storage

Taking air freezing (AF) as the reference, the effects of four types of multi-compound freezing medium for cryogenic liquid quick-freezing (immersion freezing, IF) on the freezing rate, quality and myofibrillar protein (MP) denaturation of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) fillets during frozen storage (−18°C) from days 0 to 90 were studied. Samples were gathered on days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 for analysis. The results showed that IF groups (IF-1: 20% ethanol, 30% propylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF-2: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% glycerol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF-3: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% polyethylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF-4: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 5% glycerol, 5% polyethylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution) significantly shortened the time to cross the formation zone of maximum ice crystals while the freezing rate was 6.13 times higher than the AF group after adding 30% propylene glycol as the freezing medium. Furthermore, compared with the AF group, the IF groups significantly reduced losses in the water-holding capacity, the myofibrillar fragmentation index, microstructure damage, texture characteristics, drip loss and water migration (P < 0.05). In addition, the MP of IF groups had higher maximum transition temperatures (T_max1 and T_max2), total sulfhydryl content, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity and relative α-helix content compared with the AF group. In conclusion, IF could significantly increase the freezing rate of red drum fillets, and slow down quality deterioration and denaturation of MP during frozen storage for 90 days (−18°C). In particular, IF-2 (20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% glycerol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution) was found to be more suitable for the immersion freezing of marine fish among the four multi-compound freezing medium.     

超声-转谷氨酰胺酶改善红豆蛋白功能性质及结构

采用超声联合转谷氨酰胺酶（transglutaminase,TG）处理红豆分离蛋白（red bean protein isolate,RBPI）,对其功能性质和结构特征进行分析,以探究其结构修饰与功能性质的构效关系。结果表明：超声处理5 min能够使RBPI的乳化活性和发泡能力提高,但会降低泡沫稳定性,对乳液稳定性没有显著影响,同时增加表面疏水性和游离巯基含量;TG能够提高RBPI的乳化活性、乳化稳定性及泡沫稳定性,但会降低发泡能力、表面疏水性和游离巯基含量;超声-TG联合处理的RBPI具有更高的乳化活性和泡沫稳定性,更低的表面疏水性和游离巯基含量,且酰胺Ⅰ带处吸收峰强度增加,更多的无规卷曲结构转变为有序的β-折叠结构,这可能是导致RBPI功能性质改善的原因。超声处理5 min联合TG诱导的蛋白凝胶具有更加均匀、致密的微观结构,且凝胶硬度和黏附力增加,脱水收缩作用降低;峰值温度（Tp）和热焓变（ΔH）显著增加（P＜0.05）,改善了RBPI的热稳定性或三级结构稳定性。以上结果表明RBPI经过超声处理后更利于TG对蛋白质的交联作用,超声-TG联合处理促进了蛋白质功能性质的发挥。     

温度对软包装葡萄酒总酚和氧化褐变的影响

在不同温度条件下对红葡萄酒进行储存实验,运用福林-酚比色法测定不同温度条件下葡萄酒中总酚含量,同时检测葡萄酒褐变度的变化规律,研究分析温度对红葡萄酒氧化褐变及其氧化褐变速率的影响。研究发现,温度越高,葡萄酒总酚减少越快,氧化褐变度也越大。研究将为红葡萄酒储存和包装研究提供理论基础。     

红花红色素研究进展

从红花提取红色素是一种安全天然食用色素,可作为食品添加剂和化妆品染色剂等,在功能性食品和医药领域有非常广阔发展前景。该文综述红花红色素化学组成、分子结构、功效特性、提取及检测方法,探讨生产过程中酶法转化作用,为红花红色素研究开发提供依据。     

基于介质损耗因数的红小豆含水率测量方法研究

以红小豆为对象,研究测量信号频率(1kHz～1MHz)、含水率(13.8%～21.8%)、容积密度(747～851kg/m3)和温度(5～40℃)对介质损耗因数的影响规律,从理论上分析介质损耗因数的变化原因,建立500kHz条件下红小豆的介质损耗因数、容积密度和温度与含水率的数学模型,并验证模型的正确性。结果表明：在1kHz～1MHz频段内,红小豆的介质损耗因数随测量信号频率的增大而减小,却随含水率、容积密度和温度的增大而增大;可用三元二次方程表征含水率与介质损耗因数、容积密度和温度之间的关系,模型的决定系数为0.9882。     

高光谱成像的红提总酸与硬度的预测及其分布可视化

利用高光谱成像技术实现对红提总酸和硬度无损检测和分布可视化。首先,利用高光谱采集生长期360个红提样本在波段450～1 000 nm的高光谱图像信息后用化学方法测定对应样本的总酸,用质构仪测定硬度。采用KS(Kennard-Stone)算法将总样本按照3∶1的比例划分为训练集（270个样本）和测试集（90个样本）。对红提原始光谱数据分别利用标准正态变量变换（standard normal variate transformation,SNV）、卷积平滑（Savitzky-Golay,SG）处理法、多元散射校正（multivariate scatter correction,MSC）、归一化等光谱预处理方法处理,确定最优光谱预处理方法。然后,分别采用一次降维（竞争性自适应重加权算法（competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS）、连续投影算法（successive projections algorithm,SPA）、遗传算法（genetic algorithm,GA）、无信息变量消除法（uninformative variable elim...     

Fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid isomers and cholesterol in beef from crossbred bullocks intensively produced and from Alentejana purebred bullocks reared according to Carnalentejana-PDO specifications

The purpose of this study was to characterise and compare the nutritional value of Portuguese Carnalentejana-PDO beef, obtained from Alentejana purebred bullocks reared in a semi-extensive system, with the meat from Alentejana×Charolais crossbred bullocks produced in a conventional intensive concentrate-based system. In addition, seasonal changes in Carnalentejana-PDO beef quality were assessed, by analysing meat samples from animals slaughtered in early autumn and late spring. The results showed that beef-PDO has different intramuscular fat characteristics in comparison with meat from crossbred bullocks fed intensively with concentrate. However, the finishing period of Alentejana purebred bullocks with concentrate seems to attenuate most of the typical grass-fed characteristics of meat fat. Nevertheless, from a human nutrition perspective, Carnalentejana-PDO beef seems to be healthier than that from intensively reared animals since it has a lower n-6/n-3 ratio, although always above the recommended guidelines for human diet, and higher proportions of c9,t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer and total CLA relative to saturated fatty acids plus total cholesterol (CLA/SFA+CHR). Furthermore, no seasonal variation in the nutritional quality of beef-PDO was apparent. Taken together, the data indicate that Carnalentejana-PDO beef is of greater nutritional value than intensively produced beef from crossbred bullocks throughout the year.     

Characterization of red wines from South America based on sensory properties and antioxidant activity

BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that red wines constitute one of the most important sources of dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. However, it is still not known how some variables such as variety, vintage, country of origin, and retail price are associated with the antioxidant activity and sensory profile of South American red wines. In this regard, 80 samples produced in Brazil, Chile and Argentina were assessed in relation to their sensory properties, color and in vitro antioxidant activity, and results were subjected to multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: Samples were grouped in clusters, characterized by high, intermediate and low in vitro antioxidant activity, sensory properties and prices. It was possible to observe that wines with high antioxidant activity were associated to high retail prices and overall perception of sensory quality. CONCLUSION: South American wines produced from Vitis vinifera such as Syrah, Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon had higher in vitro antioxidant activity and also higher sensory quality than wines produced from Vitis labrusca. This result was independent of vintage (2002‐2010), corroborating the idea that the same grape varietal, even when produced in different years, displays similar sensory characteristics and antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry