Corrosion inhibition of triethanolammonium bromide mono- and dibenzoate as cationic inhibitors in an acidic medium

A weight loss technique was used to determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency of synthesized alkyl mono-and dibenzoate triethanolammonium bromide derivatives (TEAMB, TEADB) in an acidic medium (2 N HCl) at different doses (50, 100, and 200 ppm). The results showed that monoderivatives had a higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than diderivatives. The results were correlated with several factors, including the alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic chains, interfacial tension (IT), critical micelle concentration (CMC), and adsorption free energy of these inhibitors. Increasing the geometric length of the alkyl chains in the synthesized inhibitors had an increasing effect on their corrosion inhibition efficiency, whereas decreasing the CMC and IT had an increasing effect on their tendency toward corrosion inhibition. The number of hydrophobic chains attached to the inhibitor molecules had a vital influence on their efficiency as corrosion inhibitors.     

β-环糊精对曲拉通X-114紫外光谱抗干扰性能的影响

辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚（曲拉通X-114）和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO-9）之间的相互作用能对水溶液中曲拉通X-114的紫外光谱产生明显影响。实验结果表明,在200～350nm范围内,曲拉通X-114的最大吸收波长为223nm,AEO-9的紫外吸光度接近于0;在水溶液中,AEO-9能减弱曲拉通X-114的紫外吸光度,降幅达3.4%;AEO-9还能显著降低曲拉通X-114的表观临界胶束浓度（cmc）,当AEO-9的浓度从0增加到0.050mmol/L 和0.100mmol/L时,曲拉通X-114的表观cmc从0.219mmol/L分别降至0.207mmol/L和0.202mmol/L。实验结果进一步表明,β-环糊精（β-CD）能有效降低AEO-9对曲拉通X-114的紫外吸光度及表观cmc的影响,在曲拉通 X-114和AEO-9复配水溶液中,按物质的量比1∶1加入β-CD,复配水溶液中曲拉通X-114的回收率从95.8%～103.3%变化至99.0%～100.1%,表明了β-CD能明显降低AEO-9对曲拉通X-114的干扰作用。红外光谱表征结果（FTIR）、核磁共振氢谱表征（¹H NMR）及热重差热分析表征结果（TG-DSC）表明,曲拉通X-114进入β-CD 分子空腔并形成包结物,是阻断曲拉通X-114分子形成混合胶束以及消除AEO对曲拉通X-114的干扰的主要原因。     

橙皮素胶束溶液的制备及透明质酸对其稳定性和经皮渗透作用的影响

制备橙皮素胶束溶液,并以Zeta电位和经皮渗透速率为指标,考察透明质酸对胶束溶液稳定性和经皮渗透活性的影响。结果表明,透明质酸可显著提高橙皮素胶束溶液的稳定性和经皮渗透活性,当其质量分数为0.5%时,胶束溶液透明稳定、无不良气味,室温下pH平均值为5.4±0.1,Zeta电位平均值为-32.62 m V,橙皮素经豚鼠皮肤的稳态渗透速率常数Js达7.475 8μg/(cm~2·h),为对照组的1.5倍。橙皮素胶束溶液耐寒和耐热实验均表现出良好的稳定性。     

Coalescence of bubbles and stability of foams in aqueous solutions of Tween surfactants

Coalescence of air bubbles and stability of foams in aqueous solutions of Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 are reported in this work. Adsorption of the surfactants at air–water interface was studied by measuring the surface tension of the surfactant solutions. The surface tension profiles were fitted using a surface equation of state derived from the Gibbs and Langmuir adsorption equations. The critical micelle concentration and surface tension at this concentration were determined. The effect of surfactant concentration on coalescence of air bubbles at flat air–water interface was studied. The role of steric force on coalescence time was investigated. The coalescence time distributions were fitted by the stochastic model. The mean values of the distributions were compared with the predictions of seven film-drainage models. Stability of foams was analyzed by the Ross–Miles test. The initial and residual foam heights were measured at different surfactant concentrations. The stability of foams was compared with the coalescence time of the bubbles.     

硫代磷酸/伯胺N1923协同萃取锌和镉的机理

有机硫代磷酸/伯胺N1923协同萃取锌、镉的萃取率随pH的变化较为反常，可能因伯胺N1923与硫酸作用进而聚为反向胶束. 实验表明，如以(N1923)n.H2SO4表示反向胶束的实验式，N1923与H2SO4比值n多为3左右，可能与空间效应相关. 萃取机理为: M2+(a) +2BHA(o) + (2/n)SO42–(a) = MA2(o) + (2/n)(Bn.H2SO4)(o) + 2(1–2/n)H+(a)， n=3, 4, 5.     

表面活性剂对肉桂醛和巴比妥酸缩合反应的影响

研究了以环境友好介质 -水溶液为溶剂 ,不同种类的表面活性剂对肉桂醛和巴比妥酸缩合反应的催化作用以及表面活性剂的浓度和反应温度对缩合反应的影响。实验结果表明 :肉桂醛和巴比妥酸在水溶液中用阳离子长碳链的表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为催化剂 ,催化剂的浓度为其临界胶束浓度十八倍时 ,缩合反应的得率最高。产物的结构用 mp,IR,1H NMR验证     

十二烷基硫酸钠与铝盐絮凝特征研究

为了更好地去除水体中残留的表面活性剂,选用十二烷基硫酸钠为研究对象,在298．15K时,对临界胶束浓度之上和CMC之下的SDS溶液与典型无机絮凝剂（AlCl3）的絮凝行为进行了实验和理论方面的研究。结果表明：在SDS／AlCl3絮凝体系中,0．01mol／LSDS和0．001mol／LSDS与铝盐达到最佳絮凝时,Al^3＋与SDS的摩尔比（记为CAl／BSDS）分别约为0．5和1．0。最佳絮凝时,体系Zeta电位接近零点,表面张力降到最小,pH值均在4．0以下,电导率随CAl／BSDS呈线性增大变化。在0．01mol／LSDS与Al“絮凝体系中,当凝聚摩尔比G化赫约为21．6时,絮凝体完全消失并不再浑浊,而在0．001mol／LSDS与Al^3＋絮凝体系中观察不到絮凝体完全消失的现象。     

Mixed monolayer and mixed micelle formation in binary mixture of surfactants—Systems for trioxyethylenated dodecyl sulfonate and some polyoxyethylenated fatty alcohol ether nonionic surfactants

The interaction and synergism of some polyoxyethylenated fatty alcohol ether (POE) nonionic surfactants (C₁₂E₂, C₁₂E₃, C₁₀E₅, C₁₀E₇, where C_x indicates number of carbon atoms in the chain and E_y indicates number of oxyethylene glycol ethers) with trioxyethylenated dodecyl sulfonate (C₁₂E₃S) in mixed monolayer formation at the surface and in mixed micelle formation in aqueous solutions were studied at 25 and 40°C by calculating interaction parameters (β_α, β_M) from surface tension-concentration data by use of Rosen's equations based on the nonideal solution theory. All the systems investigated adapt reasonably well to the nonideal model, with negative values of β_σ and β_M (where M means micelle and σ refers to the air-liquid interface) indicating a favorable interaction between the mixed surfactants. Either at a monolayer or in a mixed micelle, the attractive interaction becomes stronger when the alkyl chain in the POE surfactant is longer, i.e., when the POE becomes more hydrophobic. The interaction increases in the order C₁₀E₇<C₁₀E₅<C₁₂E₃, C₁₂E₂. For the two C₁₀E _n (n= 5,7)/C₁₂E₃S systems, as temperature increases from 25 to 40°C, the interaction increases in a mixed micelle, but it decreases in a mixed monolayer. Synergism in mixed micelle formation exists for C₁₂E₃S/C₁₀E _n mixtures when X₁ ^M , the mole fraction of POE in a mixed micelle, is ≈0.4–0.8, whereas synergism does not occur in the systems of C₁₂E₃S/C₁₂E _m due to the large difference between CMC₁ and CMC₂, i.e., large |In(C ₁ ^M /C ₂ ^M )| value (where CMC=critical micelle concentration). The degree of synergism in mixed micelle formation is temperature independent and is 0.23, 0.18, and close to zero for C₁₀E₅/C₁₂E₃S, C₁₀E₇/C₁₂E₃S, and C₁₂E _m (m=2,3)/C₁₂E₃S systems, respectively. Synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness occurs in C₁₂E₃S/C₁₂E₂ and C₁₂E₃S/C₁₂E₃ systems. The mole fractions of POE in the solution phase are 0.302 and 0.333 for the two mixtures at the point of maximum synergism.     

表面活性剂聚集体的流变性质

以流变学基础知识为出发点，系统综述了胶束、微乳液，溶致液晶（层状、六角状、立方状），囊泡、虫状胶束等表面活性剂聚集体的流变性质及其剪切诱导结构转变现象的研究现状，总结了自流变性质的特点和理论模型，对具有黏弹性的表面活性剂活性剂聚集体进行了较为详细的论述，胶束稀溶液和微乳液多为牛顿流体；溶致液晶为非牛顿流体，有应力服价值和较高的黏弹性，囊泡的弹性性质比较突出，；虫状胶束体系具有非线性黏弹性，易形成网络结构；层状液晶、囊泡和虫状胶束等结构在剪切作用下能发生变化。这些结论对指导表面活性剂的研究和应用有重要意义。     

无患子表面活性物及其复配体系的性质研究

对天然植物原料无患子提取物中的表面活性物的性质（临界胶束浓度、表面张力和起泡性能）及其影响因素（温度、pH、水硬度和盐度等）进行了系统的研究，结果表明无患子表面活性物具有很低的cmc和γcmc，且在一定范围内受一些因素的影响也不大，是一种理想的香波原料；同时也研究了无患子活性物与其他温和型的阴离子表面活性剂的复配体系，表明具有明显的协同增效效果。