新疆吐鲁番坎儿井饮用水中微生物多样性分析

目的：了解新疆坎儿井微生物菌群特征。方法：采集新疆吐鲁番4种不同坎儿井饮用水,利用Illlumina-Hiseq高通量测序技术对其进行测序,Majiorbio生信云平台进行微生物群落结构多样性分析。结果：质控后细菌有效序列为446 700条、真菌有效序列为407 376条,基于97%一致性共得到2 586个OTUs。门水平上,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为4个样品共同优势的细菌门;在属水平上,阿木尔坎儿井（样品A）、奥吾提坎儿井（样品T）共同优势菌属为嗜氢菌属（Hydrogenophaga）,占比分别为34.31%,57.66%;沙依坎儿井（样品S）优势菌属为曲杆菌属（Curvibacter）,占比36.33%;米依木阿吉坎儿井（样品M）优势菌属为不可鉴定的丝毛单胞菌属（unclassified_f_Comamonadaceae）,占比34.84%。真菌的子囊菌门（Ascomycota）为4个样品中共同优势菌门;样品S、M、T优势菌属为油壶菌属（Olpidium）,分别占比15.77%,31.84%,16.38%。样品A优势菌属为不可鉴定的真菌属（Unclassified_k_fungi）,占比27.68%。结论：4种样品在细菌和真菌门、属、种水平上有共同点的同时也有差异;虽然真菌多样性比细菌高,但物种所占丰富度较小。     

免耕对湘西烟田土壤微生物和酶活性及烟叶经济性状的影响

为明确免耕栽培对植烟旱地土壤微生物和酶活性的变化特征及对烟叶产量的影响,设置了免耕栽培、翻耕不中耕栽培、常规翻耕栽培田间试验。结果表明：（1）植烟土壤中细菌数量占大部分,其次是放线菌,真菌最少,细菌数量和微生物总活性在烤烟成熟期达到最大值,免耕对微生物数量的影响主要集中在0～5 cm表层土壤,随着土层加深,影响减小;（2）蔗糖酶活性在烤烟生长中后期最高,脲酶、磷酸酶活性在伸根期达到最高,免耕对土壤酶活性的影响集中在0～5 cm表层土壤,随土层加深,影响减小;（3）免耕栽培对烟叶产量、产值、均价及中上等烟叶比例等影响不显著。综合考虑土壤生态、经济效益,免耕栽培值得在湘西旱地植烟区推广。     

红曲霉在西凤小麦曲生产中的应用

将筛选得的高产酯力红曲霉菌种应用于西凤强化大曲生产。结果表明,试验大曲的各项检测指标优于常规培养制作的大曲,与对照相比,试验大曲酯化力较高;红曲霉作为强化大曲菌种在产酯生香方面具有明显的优势;酵母菌与红曲霉协同作用的酯化力高于其单独作用的效果。（孙悟）     

厌氧微生物的分离及对黑液降解过程的分析

从制浆黑液贮存塘的底泥中分离出厌氧微生物,将其用来处理浓度10%的制浆黑液,研究表明,黑液与菌液体积比为2∶1是厌氧降解反应的最佳反应条件之一。同时测定了厌氧生物降解过程中黑液pH值、总糖含量、糖醛酸含量、化学需氧量（COD）、酸溶木质素含量、酸不溶木质素（Klason木质素）含量随时间变化的趋势,初步研究了制浆黑液厌氧降解的过程。研究结果表明,在厌氧生物降解过程中pH值、总糖含量、糖醛酸含量、COD、酸不溶木质素含量在黑液中都呈下降趋势,而酸溶木质素含量在该过程中不断上升。     

福建醇化烟叶仓库空气中真菌多样性研究

为研究烟叶醇化仓库空气中真菌的多样性,选取龙岩东肖、龙岩红炭山、厦门东孚3座烟叶仓库1～5楼层的空气为研究对象,于2019年1—12月利用空气采样法对仓库各楼层空气中真菌进行月度采集、分离、鉴定。结果表明：（1）3座仓库各楼层空气中真菌的含量均呈现夏季多而其他季节少的规律,东肖、红炭山仓库空气中真菌的含量高于东孚仓库,其最高值分别是东孚仓库的10.9倍和9.4倍。（2）3座仓库空气中共分离获得835株真菌,归属于3个门、10个纲、54个属、158个种,且优势菌属为Penicillium、Cladosporium和Aspergillus,菌株数量占仓库空气中分离所得总菌株数比例大于10%的菌种为P. citrinum、P. corylophilum、C. halotolerans、C. cladosporioides和C. tenuissimum。韦恩图分析结果表明,东肖、红炭山、东孚仓库空气中分离获得的真菌种类数分别为68、92、68。其中,3座仓库共有的真菌为20种,东肖、红炭山、东孚仓库特有的真菌种类数分别为26、45、37。（3）一年中,仓库空气中真菌种类在冬季相对较多,而在春末...     

河南臭豆豉发酵微生物的分离鉴定

为了改变河南臭豆豉目前的现状,加速臭豆豉产品的工业化进程,从河南不同地区采集了5种农户自然发酵的臭豆豉样品,利用平板稀释分离实验,对自然发酵制成的臭豆豉的微生物组成进行了分析.结果表明:河南臭豆豉自然发酵的主要微生物为细菌类,经分离纯化、鉴定后,初步确定为枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌.     

高温堆积发酵工艺在浓香型双沟大曲酒生产中的应用

采用高温堆积发酵工艺生产浓香型双沟大曲酒,通过对堆积发酵过程中糟醅的水分、温度、淀粉、糖分、酸度变化规律的探索和堆积过程中微生物消长规律进行研究。结果表明,应用高温堆积发酵新工艺,不仅丰富了微生物的种类和数量,同时增加其代谢产物的种类和含量,增加了白酒中的香味成分,所产酒的香气更加幽雅、细腻;口味更醇甜、绵软、丰满、味长;且己酸己酯的含量增加了60～80mg／100mL。     

抗菌非织造材料的开发与研究

介绍了研究与开发抗菌非织造材料产品的意义、抗菌织物范畴和抗菌剂类型划分 ,对国内外商品性抗菌剂种类、抗菌机制和非织造材料的抗菌整理要求及方法进行了扼要综述。     

Modeling anaerobic digestion of aquatic plants by rumen cultures: Cattail as an example

Despite of the significance of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials, only a limited number of studies have been carried out to evaluate the lignocellulosic digestion kinetics, and information about the modeling of this process is limited. In this work, a mathematical model, based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1), was developed to describe the anaerobic conversion of lignocellulose-rich aquatic plants, with cattail as an example, by rumen microbes. Cattail was fractionated into slowly hydrolysable fraction (SHF), readily hydrolysable fraction (RHF) and inert fraction in the model. The SHF was hydrolyzed by rumen microbes and resulted in the production of RHF. The SHF and RHF had different hydrolysis rates but both with surface-limiting kinetics. The rumen microbial population diversity, including the cattail-, butyrate-, acetate- and H₂-degraders, was all incorporated in the model structure. Experiments were carried out to identify the parameters and to calibrate and validate this model. The simulation results match the experimental data, implying that the fractionation of cattail into two biodegradation parts, i.e., SHF and RHF, and modeling their hydrolysis rate with a surface-limiting kinetics were appropriate. The model was capable of simulating the anaerobic biodegradation of cattail by the rumen cultures.     

Molecular Ion-Independent Quantification of Polar Glycerolipid Classes in Marine Plankton Using Triple Quadrupole MS

Polar glycerolipids are a diverse family of lipid molecules that form the bulk of bacterial and eukaryotic microbial membranes. The earth and ocean sciences has a long history of using fatty acids as biomarkers for microbes, but have only recently begun to examine the intact polar lipids from which they are derived. Current analytical approaches rely on laboriously quantifying the molecular ions of each of these species independently. Thus, we saw a need for a method for quantifying polar glycerolipid classes that was: (i) selective for individual classes, (ii) inclusive of all species within a class, (iii) independent of foreknowledge of the molecular ions of the polar glycerolipid, and (iv) amenable to automated, high-throughput data analysis methods. Our new HPLC-electrospray-ionization triple-quadrupole MS (HPLC-ESI-TQMS) method can be applied to quantify the nine major classes of polar glycerolipid in planktonic communities: the phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine; the glycolipids monoglycosyldiacylglycerol, diglycosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; and the betaine lipids diacylglyceryl trimethyl homoserine, diacylglyceryl hydroxymethyl trimethyl-β-alanine, and diacylglyceryl carboxyhydroxymethylcholine. The analyses rely on neutral loss and parent ion scan events that yield one chromatogram for each class of polar glycerolipid, simplifying downstream analysis and increasing sample throughput. The efficacy of the method was demonstrated by analyzing plankton community samples from a variety of marine environments.