微生物与生物表活剂复配体系在清防蜡中的应用研究

原油结蜡是引起油井减产的主要原因。微生物清防蜡技术是利用解烃菌降解石蜡等长链烷烃的作用,或利用生物表面活性剂清洗井筒原油,从而达到清蜡的目的。采用将解烃的红球菌Lj1-3与产脂肽类生物表面活性剂的芽孢杆菌LHX3按照7∶3的比例复配,一起注入地层,利用微生物的代谢作用,达到控制油井结蜡速度、提高油井产量、最终提高采收率的目的。这项技术作为一项新的清防蜡技术,综合经济效益好。经过现场试验,在欧31块开展的20口油井的微生物控制油井结蜡的现场应用中,成功率100%,可将原热洗周期延长至少三倍以上,并且取得了2344t的增油效果。     

不同微生物对青海原油的降解效果

为研究不同微生物在实验条件下对青海原油的降解情况,筛选优良菌种,以此探讨微生物降解原油的机理。在实验条件下选用3种不同的菌种,以青海原油为唯一碳源,在37℃时摇床培养6d,培养液表面张力值都下降,菌种B的培养液表面张力值由55.3 mN/m降至47.4 mN/m;对经微生物作用后的原油中饱和烃进行了气相色谱分析,发现3种微生物都使原油中的长链烷烃含量相对增加,短链烷烃含量相对减小,菌种B使原油的Pr/nC17比值由0.542增加到3.262,Ph/nC18比值由1.351增加到10.748,正构烷烃优先降解。研究表明,菌种B是一种有应用前景的采油微生物。     

高温堆积工艺在浓香型白酒生产中的应用

将高温堆积发酵工艺应用在浓香型白酒生产中,对堆积过程中糟醅的温度、理化指标、微生物生长规律及风味物质变化进行探究.结果表明,高温堆积发酵工艺有利于增加白酒中的香味成分,起到提高酒质的目的.     

Carbon Nanotubes as Plant Growth Regulators: Effects on Tomato Growth,Reproductive System,and Soil Microbial Community

Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can affect plant phenotype and the composition of soil microbiota. Tomato plants grown in soil supplemented with CNTs produce two times more flowers and fruit compared to plants grown in control soil. The effect of carbon nanotubes on microbial community of CNT‐treated soil is determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and pyrosequencing analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are the most dominant groups in the microbial community of soil. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are found to increase, whereas Proteobacteria and Verrucomicorbia decrease with increasing concentration of CNTs. The results of comparing diversity indices and species level phylotypes (OTUs) between samples showed that there is not a significant affect on bacterial diversity.     

黄酒发酵过程中微生物筛选及菌株产香分析

对古越龙山机械发酵黄酒的醪液中的微生物进行纯培养分离以及生物鉴定,并分析分离微生物在黄酒模拟液中的生长情况及挥发性物质的变化。结果表明,从发酵醪液当中共分离出53株微生物,其中有33株细菌、16株霉菌以及4株酵母。通过对分离微生物在黄酒模拟液中的生长情况监测发现,细菌中Pantoea agglomerans L211、Clostridium tyrobutyricum L311以及Lactobacillus helveticus M41生长较好,其中Lactobacillus helveticus M41为乳酸菌;分离酵母菌中菌株Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y7生长情况优于其他分离酵母,霉菌除菌株CO1和MY4外,生长趋势较为一致,菌株Lichtheimia ramosa C122和Lichtheimia corymbifera P181生长情况要稍优于其他霉菌。实验利用GC-MS测定菌株产风味情况,共检测出142种风味物质;发现除酵母产香外,细菌中菌株Clostridium tyrobutyricum L311产挥发性风味物质总含量最高,其次是菌株Bacillus ginsengisoli L15;在真菌中,霉菌Penicillium expansum C01产总挥发性风味物质要优于其他霉菌。     

控制杂菌污染,提高酯化酶粗酶制剂的质量

在浓香型大曲酒生产中的酯化酶粗酶制剂生产过程易遭受杂菌污染而使酒质低下。该文用黄水调节培养基pH值的方法来控制杂菌污染。结果表明，用100％黄水调节培养基：pH值可使酯化率达到35．5％，合格率达100％，且无杂菌污染情况，感官鉴定良好。用于大生产中出酒率为39．0％，优质品率为26．4％，合格品率为78％。     

福建醇化烟叶仓库空气中真菌多样性研究

为研究烟叶醇化仓库空气中真菌的多样性,选取龙岩东肖、龙岩红炭山、厦门东孚3座烟叶仓库1～5楼层的空气为研究对象,于2019年1—12月利用空气采样法对仓库各楼层空气中真菌进行月度采集、分离、鉴定。结果表明：（1）3座仓库各楼层空气中真菌的含量均呈现夏季多而其他季节少的规律,东肖、红炭山仓库空气中真菌的含量高于东孚仓库,其最高值分别是东孚仓库的10.9倍和9.4倍。（2）3座仓库空气中共分离获得835株真菌,归属于3个门、10个纲、54个属、158个种,且优势菌属为Penicillium、Cladosporium和Aspergillus,菌株数量占仓库空气中分离所得总菌株数比例大于10%的菌种为P. citrinum、P. corylophilum、C. halotolerans、C. cladosporioides和C. tenuissimum。韦恩图分析结果表明,东肖、红炭山、东孚仓库空气中分离获得的真菌种类数分别为68、92、68。其中,3座仓库共有的真菌为20种,东肖、红炭山、东孚仓库特有的真菌种类数分别为26、45、37。（3）一年中,仓库空气中真菌种类在冬季相对较多,而在春末...     

Molecular Detection of Foodborne Pathogens: A Rapid and Accurate Answer to Food Safety

Food safety is a global health concern. For the prevention and recognition of problems related to health and safety, detection of foodborne pathogen is of utmost importance at all levels of food production chain. For several decades, a lot of research has been targeted at the development of rapid methodology as reducing the time needed to complete pathogen detection tests has been the primary goal of food microbiologists. With the result, food microbiology laboratories now have a wide array of detection methods and automated technologies such as enzyme immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction, and microarrays, which can cut test times considerably. Nucleic acid amplification strategies and advances in amplicon detection methodologies have been the key factors in the progress of molecular microbiology. A comprehensive literature survey has been carried out to give an overview in the field of foodborne pathogen detection. In this paper, we describe the conventional methods, as well as recent developments in food pathogen detection, identification, and quantification, with a major emphasis on molecular detection methods.     

Modeling anaerobic digestion of aquatic plants by rumen cultures: Cattail as an example

Despite of the significance of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials, only a limited number of studies have been carried out to evaluate the lignocellulosic digestion kinetics, and information about the modeling of this process is limited. In this work, a mathematical model, based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1), was developed to describe the anaerobic conversion of lignocellulose-rich aquatic plants, with cattail as an example, by rumen microbes. Cattail was fractionated into slowly hydrolysable fraction (SHF), readily hydrolysable fraction (RHF) and inert fraction in the model. The SHF was hydrolyzed by rumen microbes and resulted in the production of RHF. The SHF and RHF had different hydrolysis rates but both with surface-limiting kinetics. The rumen microbial population diversity, including the cattail-, butyrate-, acetate- and H₂-degraders, was all incorporated in the model structure. Experiments were carried out to identify the parameters and to calibrate and validate this model. The simulation results match the experimental data, implying that the fractionation of cattail into two biodegradation parts, i.e., SHF and RHF, and modeling their hydrolysis rate with a surface-limiting kinetics were appropriate. The model was capable of simulating the anaerobic biodegradation of cattail by the rumen cultures.     

接种微生物对黑心菊铅镉耐性的影响及联合修复效果

采用室内盆栽试验,外源添加不同浓度的Pb、Cd混合污染,研究单、双接种淡紫拟青霉菌、拟青霉菌、嗜麦芽窄食单细胞菌对黑心菊耐受力的影响和联合修复的效果。结果表明,接种微生物能有效缓解不同浓度铅镉复合污染土壤对黑心菊的毒害,拟青霉菌和淡紫拟青霉菌组合接种后黑心菊生物量提高73.1%～207.31%,表现出最好的耐受能力。除淡紫拟青霉菌、嗜麦芽窄食单细胞菌双接种外,其余五种接种方式黑心菊Pb、Cd富集系数及转运系数大于1,双接种在富集能力上表现优于单接种。接种微生物后土壤有效态Pb、Cd含量分别提高8.91%～702.22%和0.13%～23.26%,在土壤Pb 1 500 mg/kg、Cd 1 mg/kg浓度下,黑心菊-微生物联合修复具有良好的效果,有利于对土壤中Pb、Cd的活化,其中拟青霉菌和淡紫拟青霉菌组合接种效果最佳。