Biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene sulfone by Arthrobacter sp. and studies with oxidized Illinois No. 6 coal

A bacterium identified as Arthrobacter sp. was grown on dibenzothiophene (DBT) sulfone as a sole source of sulfur, producing sulfite and sulfate. Sulfur in DBT sulfone (1.0 mM) was nearly quantitatively converted to sulfate by the organism. The organism could also use DBT sulfone as a sole source of carbon and energy. There was evidence for transient accumulation of benzoic acid in the culture medium after growth of the cells slowed. The DBT sulfoxide analogue 9-fluorenone was converted by resting cells to a product identified as 1,10-dihydroxy-1,10-dihydrofluoren-9-one, suggesting that DBT sulfone may be metabolized via an angular hydroxylation resulting in carbon- sulfur bond cleavage. This strain of Arthrobacter showed no ability to desulfurize oxidized Illinois No. 6 coal.     

微生物絮凝剂的研究及发展前景

对微生物絮凝剂的现状与发展趋势做了全面综述,包括合成絮凝剂的微生物种类,微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理及其影响因素,微生物絮凝剂的提取方法等,并阐述了微生物絮凝剂的性质、特点等.     

Performance evaluation of saponin over other organic acid and tap water for removal of chromium in tannery sludge by electrokinetic enhancement

The performance of Saponin over different electrolyte-mediated electrokinetic (EK) process for removal of Cr(III) from tannery sludge was assessed. Saponin exhibited maximum Cr(III) removal efficiency, i.e. 67.6–80.75% as compared to other groups of processing fluids. The possible mechanistic approach for the highest removal efficiency of saponin over other electrolytes may be attributed to synchronized effect of micelle formation and subsequent complexation and sorption of chromium ions. The highest electroosmotic flow rate of saponin indicated low electroosmotic resistance during EK process, which validates the observed trend. Therefore, saponin can be considered as a promising electrolyte for EK treatment of tannery sludge.

Abbreviation: CA: Citric acid; LA: lactic acid; OA: oxalic acid; BOD: biochemical oxygen demand; COD: chemical oxygen demand; EK: electokinetic.     

Heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of Fe(VI) in UV-irradiated titania suspensions: effect of ammonia

Results of the heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of Fe(VI) in UV-irradiated TiO₂ suspensions in the presence of ammonia are presented. The initial rate of Fe(VI) reduction, R, may be expressed as R = k _Fe(VI)[Fe(VI)]^1.25 where k _Fe(VI) = a[Ammonia]+b), a = 6.0 × 10³ μm ^0.25 s and b = 4.1 × 10⁶ μm ^−1.25s⁻¹. The rate constant, k _Fe(VI), increases with the ammonia concentration. The photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia is enhanced in the presence of Fe(VI). A mechanism involving Fe(V) as a reactive intermediate is presented which explains the faster photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia in the presence of Fe(VI).     

污泥调理剂

综述了污泥调理中常用的化学调理剂及其各自的优缺点,着重介绍了因具有安全、无毒、可生物降解、无二次污染等独特的性质而倍受人们的关注的生物絮凝剂。     

微生物絮凝剂在废水处理中的应用

总结了传统絮凝剂在废水处理中存在的问题以及微生物絮凝剂在废水处理中的优越性,结合实例分析了微生物絮凝剂在现代废水处理中的具体应用,探讨了目前微生物絮凝剂研究的几个发展方向。     

Aerobic biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by Xiangjiang River sediment and microflora analysis

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs), was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently, the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d, generating two main degraded products: mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP, the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp., the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp., Hydrogenophaga sp., Rhizobium sp., and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.     

厌氧附着膜膨胀床处理生活废水的研究

文章利用厌氧附着膜膨胀床（AAFEB）反应器处理生活废水。选择合适的活性污泥和活性炭载体,在60d内反应器启动挂膜完成。实验表明,此反应器能够有效的去除生活废水中的有机物,出水水质良好,反应器运行稳定。通过稳定床层膨胀率在10％-20％,研究水力停留时间（HRT）和温度对CODCr去除率的影响,得到该反应器的最佳工艺条件为,HRT8h,温度控制在28℃,在此工艺条件下,CODCr的去除率在85％以上,BOD5的去除率在73％以上,且SS的去除率在75％以上。     

同步产电及废水处理AFB-MFC电极研究

为了考察电极因素对微生物燃料电池产电及废水处理性能的影响,设计了一种新型厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池(AFB-MFC).研究了不同阴极电极材料,阴极与阳极面积以及阴极底边与阴极室底部距离对AFB-MFC产电及废水处理性能的影响.所有实验在阴极室曝气量为16～24 L/h、回流量为10.7 L/h、进水流量为0.6 L/h、外电阻为250 Ω以及进水COD浓度为3000.98～3789.44 mg/L下进行.结果表明,在尺寸大小均为15.0 cm×3.5cm的碳纸、铜板、铝板、镀锌铁板及铁板中,使用碳纸作阴极电极时AFB-MFC产电性能最好;阴极底边与阴极室底部的最佳距离为17.3～20.3 cm;使用面积为308.8、232.0、160.0和76.8 cm2的碳纸作阳极电极及面积为241.5、210.0、175.0和105.0 cm2碳纸作阴极时,阳极及阴极最佳面积分别为160.0和210.0 cm2.AFB-MFC系统最佳运行条件下COD的去除率维持在约80.00%.放大型AFB-MFC系统有利于今后工程实际应用.     

五氯酚在厌氧生物体系中的降解及反馈作用

为探讨厌氧系统降解五氯酚(PCP)能力及PCP对厌氧系统的毒性影响,采用UASB反应器进行了PCP模拟污水连续流试验,考察了不同PCP浓度及负荷条件下系统对PCP和COD的降解去除规律,揭示了PCP对系统产酸相和产甲烷相影响状况.结果表明,在进水PCP含量从无到开始加入、PCP浓度提高以及PCP负荷提高3个冲击变化阶段,厌氧系统对PCP和COD的去除率均表现出先迅速降低后缓慢升高的变化趋势,运行稳定后PCP和COD的去除率分别达91.2%和83.5%以上.PCP对厌氧系统中微生物种群产生影响,使系统产酸菌由丁酸型菌群为主逐渐演替为丙酸型菌群为主,PCP对系统产甲烷菌活性产生明显抑制,甲烷产量由PCP加入前的12.1L/d降低至加入后的2.5L/d.