亚硫酸钠对小鼠骨髓PCE细胞微核的诱发及沙棘油的防护效应

采用腹腔注射染毒方式给予小鼠亚硫酸钠。实验结果表明,亚硫酸钠可引起小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率显著增高,且呈明显的剂量效应关系。沙棘油对亚硫酸钠诱发的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率有明显的抑制作用。     

用蚕豆根尖微核实验分析水中铬的遗传毒性

用蚕豆根尖细胞微核实验对水中铬的遗传毒性和细胞毒性进行了检测分析。结果显示,将蚕豆根尖细胞暴露在铬质量浓度5 mg/L~100 mg/L的水中,细胞微核率明显增加,细胞有丝分裂指数明显下降。此外,细胞微核率与脂质过氧化反应之间有明显的相关关系,其相关系数R2=0.94。蚕豆根尖细胞微核实验监测水环境中铬的生态毒性具有简便、有效、重复性好的优点。     

沙棘叶水溶性多糖的抗突变作用

为了研究沙棘叶水溶性多糖(WPHL)的抗突变作用,本实验通过微核实验、精子畸变实验和彗星实验观察WPHL对环磷酰胺(CP)诱发的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核、肝细胞DNA损伤和精子畸变的抑制作用。结果表明：WPHL 在50mg/(kg ·d)剂量时,对CP诱发的微核(P＜0.05)和精子畸变(P＜0.05)有明显的抑制作用,并可以显著减小肝脏彗星细胞的数量和缩短彗星细胞尾巴的长度(P＜0.05)。说明有显著的抗突变能力。     

Plant Cytogenetics in the Micronuclei Investigation—The Past,Current Status,and Perspectives

Cytogenetic approaches play an essential role as a quick evaluation of the first genetic effects after mutagenic treatment. Although labor-intensive and time-consuming, they are essential for the analyses of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mutagenesis and environmental monitoring. Over the years, conventional cytogenetic analyses were a part of routine laboratory testing in plant genotoxicity. Among the methods that are used to study genotoxicity in plants, the micronucleus test particularly represents a significant force. Currently, cytogenetic techniques go beyond the simple detection of chromosome aberrations. The intensive development of molecular biology and the significantly improved microscopic visualization and evaluation methods constituted significant support to traditional cytogenetics. Over the past years, distinct approaches have allowed an understanding the mechanisms of formation, structure, and genetic activity of the micronuclei. Although there are many studies on this topic in humans and animals, knowledge in plants is significantly limited. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on micronuclei characteristics in plants. We pay particular attention to how the recent contemporary achievements have influenced the understanding of micronuclei in plant cells. Together with the current progress, we present the latest applications of the micronucleus test in mutagenesis and assess the state of the environment.     

An automated imaging system for radiation biodosimetry

We describe here an automated imaging system developed at the Center for High Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry. The imaging system is built around a fast, sensitive sCMOS camera and rapid switchable LED light source. It features complete automation of all the steps of the imaging process and contains built‐in feedback loops to ensure proper operation. The imaging system is intended as a back end to the RABiT—a robotic platform for radiation biodosimetry. It is intended to automate image acquisition and analysis for four biodosimetry assays for which we have developed automated protocols: The Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus assay, the γ‐H2AX assay, the Dicentric assay (using PNA or FISH probes) and the RABiT‐BAND assay. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:587–598, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

职业照射人员外周血染色体畸变率和淋巴细胞微核率关系的研究

本文对893名职业照射人员外周血平行观察了染色体畸变率和淋巴细胞微核率。结果表明,两者的符合率为7.84％。从理论上分析和探讨了两者不呈密切相关的可能性。微核在T、B淋巴细胞中分布的研究对分析两者的关系具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。     

两种磺酰脲类除草剂对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核及核异常诱导

采用红细胞微核和核异常测试法,研究了除草剂甲磺隆、苄嘧磺隆对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞的毒性效应。结果表明,除草剂甲磺隆和苄嘧磺隆均可不同程度地引起中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核细胞率和核异常细胞率等遗传指标的上升(P<0.05;P<0.01),且不同除草剂,不同染毒时间处理后,引起的微核率和核异常细胞率均能达到一个峰值,但峰值出现的浓度不同;结果还表明除草剂甲磺隆和苄嘧磺隆诱导的核异常细胞率要比微核率高得多。除草剂浓度与微核率或核异常率无显著相关,没有明显的剂量——效应正相关关系;随着染毒时间增长,红细胞的微核率和核异常率有些许增长,但也不是很明显。     

利用泥鳅红细胞微核及核异常测定法对四种除草剂遗传毒性的研究

采用红细胞微核和核异常测试法,研究了除草剂精禾草克、氟乐灵、扫特、2甲4氯钠盐水剂对泥鳅红细胞的遗传毒性。泥鳅在各除草剂试验液中染毒24h,采血制片。结果表明,四种除草剂均不同程度地引起微核细胞率和核异常细胞率等遗传指标的上升,其中部分浓度组较对照组差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。除草剂浓度与微核率或核异常率无显著相关,不表现剂量效应关系。四种除草剂对泥鳅红细胞具有明显的诱变效应,其中扫特的诱变效应大于其它三种除草剂。     

油茶肉质果和肉质叶营养成分及食用安全性的研究

采用常规方法测定了油茶肉质果和肉质叶的蛋白质、脂肪、还原搪、总糖、总氮、茶皂素等；使用原子吸收光谱法测定矿物元素；使用氨基酸自动分析仪分析氨基酸含量；使用高压液相层析法测定维生素；Hom法、小鼠微核试验和小鼠精子致畸试验分析食用安全性。结果表明；成熟的肉质果（叶）水分为91．36％（91．58％）、酸度0．35％（0．46％）、100g干重样品含蛋白质7．81g（6．56g）、脂肪3．7g（2．90g）、还原糖30．41g（21．83g）、总糖37．23g（29．28g）、茶皂素2．44g（1．46g）、灰分3．45g（4．55g）、矿物元素359mg（411．3mg）、锰33．06mg（31．35mg）、16种氨基酸；所测的6种维生素中，Vc和叶酸含量较高。毒性试验结果显示样品为无毒性。微核试验和致畸试验结果表明：小鼠微核率与对照组比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。小鼠精子致畸率与阳性对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。证明油茶肉质果、肉质叶是一种食用安全的野生果和食品资源。该结果是首次报道，为该样品的食用和开发提供了依据。     

荞麦芽提取物抗突变和抑制肿瘤作用的实验研究

对荞麦芽提取物的抗突变和抗肿瘤作用进行研究,为开发荞麦的保健作用提供依据.实验以小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验观察荞麦芽提取物的抗突变作用,以小鼠S-180移植性肿瘤观察荞麦芽提取物的抗肿瘤效果.结果显示,荞麦芽提取物对N-甲基-N-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)诱发的小鼠骨髓细胞微核的发生有明显的抑制效果,其中荞麦芽乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物在80mg/kg度下,对小鼠骨髓微核的抑制率达73.4％、75.8％、74.2％;对小鼠S-180移植性肿瘤生长也有明显的抑制作用,其中荞麦芽乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物的抑瘤率达39.5％、38.0％.说明荞麦芽对体细胞DNA损伤有保护作用,对肿瘤也有一定的预防作用.