Catalytic Degradation of Nitrobenzene and Aniline in Presence of Ozone by Magnesia from Natural Mineral

In this work, magnesia from natural brucite mineral has been used firstly for catalytic degradation of nitrobenzene and aniline in presence of ozone. Compared with single ozonation, the catalytic ozonation accelerated markedly the degradation of nitrobenzene and aniline. The influences of hydroxyl radical scavengers, pH values, and reaction temperatures on degradation were investigated. It was found that the essential of catalysis was the homogeneous catalysis of hydroxyl ions in water, which accelerated the generation of hydroxyl radicals. As a catalyst, magnesia from natural brucite has supplied an economical and feasible choice for catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene and aniline in industrial wastewater.     

矿物材料化学加工与合成的研究现状和发展方向

从以矿物原料直接制备矿物材料、矿物材料的化学改性、特殊功能粉体的合成及粉体材料合成中新技术手段的应用等方面,论述了矿物粉体材料的研究进展。聚合物/黏土纳米复合材料,由于其特殊的功能,成为矿物材料改性的新方向;特殊功能粉体赋予材料许多优越的性能,其开发和研究已成为热点,特别是在电池材料、抛光材料、生物材料的研究方面;学科交叉为材料研制带来了又一次兴起,超声波、机械化学、微波和微波等离子体,由于其特殊的功效,解决了粉体制备过程中许多难题。新方法和技术所制得材料具有优越性能和特殊功能。     

Aboveground nitrogen in relation to estimated total plant uptake in maize and bean

The main objective of this field study was to estimate the total plant uptake of soil mineral N in maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in crop rotations under different N content in Nicaragua. Secondary objectives were to estimate the fraction of the measured soil mineral N content taken up in this way, and to determine how the measured N in plant aboveground parts was related to the total mineral N uptake. A large variation in N content was obtained by using data from fertilisation experiments. Plant total N uptake was estimated as the residual N in a mass balance calculation of soil mineral N. Mineral N content in the top 0–0.3 m soil layer in the field cultivations and in tubes isolated from root uptake, and N content in aboveground plant parts were measured every 30 days. Estimated plant total uptake of soil mineral N varied considerably (2.5–14 g N m⁻² 30 day⁻¹) over periods and N treatments. The range of variation was similar for maize and bean. The fraction of the soil mineral N that was taken up by the plant daily varied more in maize (about 0.03–0.12 day⁻¹) than in bean (about 0.05–0.08 day⁻¹). Our results suggest that monthly changes in N in aboveground plant parts were linearly related to plant total N uptake during the same period. Aboveground plant N constituted between about 55% and 80% of total uptake of soil mineral N in maize depending on period within season, whereas for bean it was more constant and smaller (about 40%).     

外加剂对陶瓷釉面表面性质的影响研究

研究了不同外加剂对陶瓷釉面表面性质的影响。研究表明 ,外加剂的加入可改变陶瓷釉面的表面张力 ,即影响液体对陶瓷釉面的润湿性能。在所选择的外加剂中 ,降低陶瓷釉面表面张力最强的为PbO ,其合适的加入量为 1.5 %。     

粗TiCl4除钒工艺探讨

研究了粗TiCl4除钒的工艺过程，通过试验比较了各种有机物除钒的效果，结果表明矿物油除钒性能优异。1t粗TiCl4加矿物油2～4kg，反应温度135～138℃，反应时间60min，收率大于95％，质量达到企业产品标准要求。     

Sorption of Cr(III)‐containing cations on strongly basic anion exchangers

It is shown that strongly basic anion exchangers AV‐17 and Varion‐AD in definite conditions are able to retain Cr(III)‐containing ions from Cr(III) sulfate solution. It is found that the sorption of Cr(III)‐containing ions on the polymers is essentially dependent on the pH, temperature, and Cr(III) sulfate concentration. The maximum temperature dependence of sorption was found to be about 60°C. The sorption isotherms are well described by Langmuir's equations. The sorption kinetics is determined by the diffusion of Cr(III)‐containing ions into polymer's phase. It is assumed that the Cr(III)‐containing ions are retained through formation, in polymer's phase, of the jarosite‐type mineral compounds: R₄N[Cr₃(OH)₆(SO₄)₂], H₃O[Cr₃(OH)₆(SO₄)₂], and K[Cr₃(OH)₆(SO₄)₂]. For comparison of sorptional capacities, the sorption of Cr(III)‐containing ions was determined on different cation and anion exchangers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3978–3985, 2006     

掺固硫灰干粉砂浆的性能研究

对掺固硫灰干粉砂浆的性能进行了研究。讨论了固硫灰细度、掺量及与粉煤灰复掺对干粉砂浆工作性能、力学性能和膨胀性的影响。结果表明：经预处理固硫灰可以应用于干粉砂浆中,且掺量为10%时效果最佳。固硫灰与粉煤灰等矿物掺合料复掺可以改善干粉砂浆性能。     

大功率TEM法在锡铁山矿区深边部找矿中的应用效果

锡铁山铅锌矿区大功率TEM法深边部找矿研究发现,除少数异常在老地层上以外,几乎所有的异常均在滩间山群上。03线2 942 m标高走向坑道勘探发现了隐伏Ⅳ矿带片岩型矿床,与2000年发现的TEM异常吻合,从而明确了TEM法在锡铁山深边部找矿的指导意义。TEM响应电位异常曲线反映规则低阻形体的异常特征,如陡产状厚板状低阻体的双峰盖帽特征、缓产状板状低阻体的箱形或似箱形特征等,构成低阻形体的物理模型。勘探验证结果是铅锌矿体与近矿局部炭质层和黄铁矿体组成的宏观低阻形体,可视为矿床的地质模型。这两个模型是客观存在事物的两个侧面表现,它为识别矿致异常提供了科学依据。     

我国铝土矿资源开发利用现状及其产业研究

矿产资源是人类社会进步与经济发展的重要物质基础,也是可持续发展不可缺乏的重要资源,它的不可再生性和发展的可持续性要求我们必须以最小的能源消耗来实现最大化的经济发展.作者以铝土矿为例,对其资源开发利用情况及产业发展现状进行了研究.