淀粉接枝共聚物制备的影响因素的研究进展

综述了制备淀粉接枝共聚物过程中,淀粉种类、其是否糊化,引发剂及单体的选择及其用量,以及反应温度和反应时间等因素对制备淀粉接枝共聚物的影响,指出应根据所需产物性能要求,综合考虑各方面因素的影响.并提出开发新的廉价而高效的引发剂成为市场所需,淀粉制备工艺的简约处理以及性能优良的淀粉衍生物产品的开发值得人们进一步的深入探讨.     

含松香丙烯酸酯的磁性聚合物微球的制备及表征

以苯乙烯(St)为单体,松香丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯酯化物(RAH)为交联剂,在油酸改性的Fe3O4存在下,采用悬浮聚合法制备了含松香的磁性聚合物微球[P(St/RAH)/Fe3O4],研究了Fe3O4用量对聚合物微球性能的影响,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱、热重和磁强计对磁性聚合物微球进行了分析表征。结果表明,成功制得了P(RAH/St)/Fe3O4;得到的磁性微球球形良好,表面光滑,Fe3O4包埋在聚合物中;微球为超顺磁性,在油酸改性Fe3O4用量为8%(质量分数)时磁性达到饱和,饱和磁化强度为3.13A·m2/kg。     

γ辐射玉米淀粉-MMA固相接枝的研究

利用^60Co—γ射线，研究了玉米原淀粉与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）在室温和剂量率为125Gy／min条件下的固相共辐射接枝反应，考察了辐照剂量、多羟基的小分子反应介质和单体配比等因素对接枝率G、接枝效率GE和单体转化率C的影响，并用红外光谱方法鉴定了淀粉-MMA接枝共聚物的结构。结果表明，当辐照剂量≤5kGy时，G、GE和C随辐照剂量的增加而提高；当辐照剂量为5kGy～50kGy时，辐照剂量对C几乎无影响；水和乙二醇对CS接枝MMA反应有显著的促进作用，而甘油的促进作用甚微。     

盒式气调包装下温度对薄膜透气性能的影响

以高阻隔膜、双层膜、聚丙烯(PP)膜及双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)膜为材料,采用小袋法,分析了盒式气调包装下,各薄膜在4,10,25,30℃温度下的薄膜透气系数和透气系数比的变化规律。结果表明:随着温度的升高,4种薄膜的透气系数都呈上升趋势;同时,高阻隔膜和双层膜的透气系数比显著降低,而BOPP膜和PP膜的透气系数比则逐渐升高。同一温度条件下,PP膜的透气性能最好,BOPP膜次之,双层膜和高阻隔膜的透气性能较低。试验中,透气系数的自然对数与绝对温度的倒数满足阿累尼乌斯方程,以此可求得不同薄膜材料在其他温度下的透气系数。     

Biomimetic Robust Starch Composite Films with Super-Hydrophobicity and Vivid Structural Colors

The starch composite films (SCFs) will be one of the best alternative packaging materials to petroleum based plastic films, which mitigates white pollution and energy consumption. However, weak mechanical stability, water resistance, and dyeability has hindered the application of SCFs. Herein, a bioinspired robust SCFs with super-hydrophobicity and excellent structural colors were prepared by fiber-reinforcement and assembling SiO₂/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) amorphous arrays on the surface of SCFs. The properties of the designed SCFs were investigated by various methods including scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), a tensile test, contact angle (CA) test, and an optical test. The results showed that the obtained SCFs possessed a higher tensile strength (55.17 MPa) attributed to the formed abundant hydrogen bonds between the molecular chains of the starch, cellulose fiber, and polyvinyl alcohol. Benefiting from the nanostructure with rough surface which were modified by materials with low surface free energy, the contact angle and sliding angle of the film reached up to 154° and 2°, respectively. The colors which were produced by the constructive interference of the coherent scattered light could cover all of the visible regions by tuning the diameters of the SiO₂ nanoparticles. The strategy in the present study not only reinforces the mechanical strength and water resistance of SCFs but also provides an environmentally friendly way to color the them, which shows unprecedented application potential in packaging materials of the starch composite films.     

FCC油浆提高废胶粉改性沥青热存储稳定性试验

废胶粉用FCC油浆进行预处理后用于沥青改性,制备出沥青与胶粉间相容性好、高温存储性能稳定的胶粉改性沥青.考察并得出相关工艺条件,同时应用多种评价手段分析改性后沥青的性能,结果表明,预处理后胶粉改性沥青的高温存储性能稳定,低温时柔韧性、抗开裂性能明显提高,高温时稳定性、抗车辙能力及弹性回变性能增强,沥青粘弹区间明显变宽.     

淀粉和纤维在生物降解包装材料中的应用

淀粉和植物纤维是两大天然高分子材料,在可降解材料中研究和应用较为广泛,本文综述了淀粉和纤维在生物降解包装材料中利用的现状及发展前景.     

非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉的微生物降解特性

采用光学显微分析测试方法,以原玉米淀粉为参照,对非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉在微生物作用下的降解过程进行了详尽地观察和研究．结果发现非晶淀粉颗粒松散的无定形结构以及形成的爆裂孔,大大提高了微生物降解反应活性,在微生物作用下,从淀粉颗粒的爆裂孔开始,沿着淀粉颗粒爆裂孔逐步深入,直至最后将淀粉颗粒完全降解,而原淀粉颗粒具有致密的结晶结构,淀粉颗粒表面没有明显的孔洞,因此生物降解活性在同样条件下,要远远低于非晶颗粒态淀粉。     

A comprehensive study on the size-dependent hygrothermal analysis of exponentially graded microplates on elastic foundations

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of hygrothermal conditions on various behaviors, such as bending, free vibration, mechanical and thermal buckling, of exponentially graded microplates lying on two-parameter elastic foundations are investigated. The trigonometric four-variable plate theory incorporated to the modified couple stress theory (MCST) is employed to derive the equations of motion. The present MCST contains an internal material length scale parameter, thus it can capture the size effect. The microplate is assumed to be subjected to a temperature rise and moisture concentration which are varied linearly through the thickness of the plate. Based on an exponential law, the material properties of the microplate are graded only in z direction. The equations of motion are solved analytically to obtain the displacements, stresses, eigenfrequencies and critical buckling load and temperature of the microplates. The present results are validated by comparing them with those previously published. The numerical examples reveal that considering the size effect and/or the elastic foundations leads to an increment in plate stiffness and thereby leads to a decrement in the deflection and an increment in eigenfrequency and buckling loads. It is also shown that the size effect is negligible for the thicker plate.     

淀粉颗粒结构的研究进展

详述淀粉颗粒的形状大小、结晶结构、分子结构、颗粒的微孔特性等最新研究成果，同时对淀粉颗粒及淀粉化学改性的研究方向提出展望。