分子生物学技术在生物除磷中的应用及进展

本文主要总结了应用于生物除磷研究中的分子生物学技术,如基于聚合酶链式反应（PCR）的核酸序列分析技术、以荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术为主的核酸杂交技术等,对其中相关问题进行了分析并提出需要进一步研究的内容。     

超低分子量丙烯酸/烯丙基磺酸钠的制备及对陶瓷粉体的分散性能

以丙烯酸（AA）、烯丙基磺酸钠（SAS）为单体,根据自由基共聚反应机理制备了水溶性共聚物陶瓷分散剂AA/SAS。探讨了不同反应条件对共聚物分散性能的影响,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、差示扫描量热（DSC）、X射线衍射（XRD）以及凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对共聚物进行了表征,并研究了分散剂用量对陶瓷浆料的流变性能以及Zeta电位的影响。得到的最佳合成条件为：AA与SAS的质量比为5:1,反应温度为80℃,引发剂用量为单体质量的7.3%,链转移剂用量为单体质量的225.5%;当共聚物加入量（折固掺量）为陶瓷粉体质量的0.3%时,其分散效果最好;当共聚物质量浓度为1.2g/L时,浆料的Zeta电位的绝对值由37.7mV升高到62.1mV。与进口产品PC-67相比,共聚物具有更好的分散效果。     

Oxygen-induced Restructuring of a Pd/Fe3O4 Model Catalyst

We have studied the influence of oxygen on the structure and morphology of a Pd/Fe₃O₄ model catalyst using molecular beam (MB) methods, IR reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and scanning tunneling microcopy (STM). The model catalyst was prepared under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and growth of Pd nanoparticles on an ordered Fe₃O₄ thin film on Pt(111). It is found that surface oxides are formed on the Pd nanoparticles even under mild oxidation conditions (temperatures of 500 K and effective oxygen partial pressures of around 10⁻⁶ mbar). These surface oxides are initially generated at the Pd/Fe₃O₄ interface and, subsequently, are formed at the Pd/gas interface. The process of formation and reduction of surface and interface oxides on the Pd particles is fully reversible in that all oxides formed can be fully reduced. As a result, the oxide phase acts like a storage medium for oxygen during oxidation reactions, as probed via CO oxidation. The process of surface and interface oxidation is directly connected with the onset of a non-reversible sintering process of the Pd particles. It is suggested that this sintering process occurs via a mobile Pd oxide species, which is stabilized by interaction with the Fe₃O₄ support. The restructuring is monitored via STM and IRAS using CO as a probe molecule. In addition to a decrease in particle density and Pd surface area, a reshaping of the particles occurs, which is characterized by the formation of well-ordered crystallites and with a relatively large fraction of (100) facets. After a few oxidation/reduction cycles at 500 K, the sintering process becomes very slow and the system shows a stable behavior under conditions of CO oxidation.     

An amphoteric water‐soluble copolymer. II. Effect of its molecular weight on the dispersion of barium titanate in water

An amphoteric water‐soluble copolymer, that is, polyacrylamide/(α‐N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐acryloyloxyethyl)ammonium ethanate (PAAM/DAAE) was synthesized and it showed the ability to disperse BaTiO₃ (BT) particles in aqueous solutions. In this work, the effect of molecular weight of this polymer on the dispersing properties was further examined. The results indicate that the effectiveness of three polymer samples with different molecular weights in the dispersion of BT particles is P2 (M_w = 1.1 × 10⁵) > P1 (M_w = 1.2 × 10⁴) > P3 (M_w = 3.0 × 10⁵). Apparently, P2 is most effective in dispersing the particles, reducing the viscosity of the suspensions, and obtaining highest green and sintered densities. This is attributed to the highest adsorption of this polymer onto BT powder, and causes strongest electrostatic and steric repulsions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 886–891, 2006     

新型超高相对分子量阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成

研究了由过硫酸铵、甲醛次硫酸氢钠、功能性单体 DA及其它助剂组成的低温复合引发体系引发丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵 (AETMAC)与丙烯酰胺 (AM)水溶液绝热聚合。考察了影响共聚物特性黏数[η]的因素 :单体浓度 1 8%～ 3 2 % ,引发剂浓度 (9～ 3 0 ) mg/L ,功能单体浓度 (2 .9～ 2 3 .2 )× 1 0 - 3mol/L。由该低温复合引发体系在适宜条件下引发 AETMAC/AM共聚合 ,可得到溶解性能很好、阳离子度为 1 0 %～70 % ,分子量 (1～ 2 )× 1 0 7的 P(AETMAC-AM)干粉。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维粘合涂层用水乳型聚丙烯酸酯微乳液的合成

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸(AA)及丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为单体,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)、OP-10和正辛醇的复合物为乳化剂,当m(BA)∶m(MMA)∶m(AA)∶m(HEA)=50∶50∶3∶10、w(乳化剂)=13%、反应温度为80℃及反应时间为3h时,合成了可用于超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维粘合涂层的水乳型聚丙烯酸酯微乳液,单体转化率为99 8%,乳胶粒径为30nm,乳液膜的玻璃化温度为-28℃,应用工艺简单,涂层粘附性好、柔软、耐磨。     

用双螺杆挤出机进行熔体扩链的PUR-T结构与性能研究

以预聚物为扩链剂,用双螺杆挤出机在熔融状态下对热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR—T)进行熔体扩链．用热重分析仪、动态热机械仪、差示扫描量热仪和扫描电镜研究了扩链后PUR—T的形态结构、拉伸性能、回弹性、热降解稳定性、热转变和动态力学性能。结果表明,用双螺杆挤出机进行熔体扩链是可行的,而且扩链后的PUR—T性能较扩链前优异。     

铜及其氧化物填充UHMWPE力学、摩擦学性能研究

在超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)中分别填充铜粉、氧化铜粉和氧化亚铜粉,用万能材料试验机、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了三种填料对UHMWPE复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜对几种材料的磨损表面进行了观察和分析。结果表明,在填料添加量相同时,铜粉的减摩耐磨效果最好,氧化铜粉的减摩耐磨效果次之,氧化亚铜粉的减摩耐磨效果最差;以体积分数25％的铜粉填充的UHMWPE复合材料,具有良好的力学性能和摩擦学性能,是一种有应用前景的聚合物基减摩抗磨材料。     

用分子连接性指数法和高效液相色谱法预测巴比妥酸类衍生物的正辛醇-水分配系数

研究了巴比妥酸类衍生物的分子连接性指数(MCI)和外推至纯水作流动相时的高效液相色谱容量因子(k0)与正辛醇 水分配系数(Kow)的关系。通过13种已知lgKow文献值的巴比妥酸类衍生物的lgKow值分别对MCI计算值和lgk0实验值进行多元线性回归分析,建立了估算巴比妥酸类衍生物的Kow的两种定量模型。用此模型预测了8种巴比妥酸类衍生物的Kow。结果表明两种方法都能较好地预测巴比妥酸类衍生物的Kow。     

气相法制备沸石分子筛的研究进展

综述了气相法,包括气相转移法和干胶法在合成沸石分子筛、磷铝分子筛和其它杂原子分子筛及分子筛膜方面的研究进展。介绍了合成过程中一些影响因素,如时间、温度、干胶组分或有机模板剂对合成的影响。并且对气相法制备分子筛成型体作了简单介绍。