光纤光栅传感器在结构健康监测中的应用

详细阐述光纤光栅传感器的结构及布拉格光纤光栅传感器的工作原理。重点介绍结构健康监测系统构成、光纤光栅传感器系统的信号处理、安装等方面问题;展望光纤光栅传感器在结构健康监测领域中的前景。     

改进的分子设计方法在萃取剂选择中的应用

为解决萃取精馏中的萃取剂选择问题,本文提出一种改进的萃取剂分子设计方法,其特点是分别考察萃取剂基团在待分离体系中的溶解性能和分离选择性,结合Gani的官能团预选经验规则,对基团做一个较全面的筛选.以乙酸-水体系的萃取剂选择为实例证明,该方法有效解决了分子设计过程中的组合爆炸问题和基团选择的纯经验性的局限,提高了萃取剂选择的效率和准确性,为试验和工业生产提供了理论指导.     

环境化合物降解预测模型的研究

为建立化合物降解的计算机预测模型,确定降解和非降解化合物显然不同的参数.选择389个有机分子作为数据集,选其中312个为训练集,其余77个为验证集,每个分子计算195个分子参数,分别采用逐步判别法和主成分分析法建模,并用外部验证集验证模型的预测能力.结果:逐步判别法分析结果中,训练集的降解和非降解化合物的正确率分别为90.6%和69.5%;验证集的降解和非降解化合物的正确率分别为83.9%和63.6%.主成分分析结果在测试集中,降解和非降解化合物的正确率分别为80.4%和31.8%.验证集的降解化合物和非降解化合物的正确率分别为67.9%和50.0%.因此,采用逐步判别法模拟而建立的数学模型,可作为预测化合物降解的模型.以卜研究可以为预测有机物降解提供参考.     

腹腔微创手术机器人末端执行机构的设计和实现

为了提高腹腔微创手术的安全性,设计了一种新型的腹腔微创手术机器人末端执行机构,用于夹持手术器械．根据腹腔微创手术的特点和技术要求,采用轴驱动和平行四杆的运动原理设计定点机构．详细介绍了末端执行机构的机械结构,应用D-H法和矢量代数法给出了各个关节的运动学解公式,研究了控制系统的硬件结构和软件系统,并进行了样机实验．实验表明所设计的末端执行机构具有很好的定点运动效果,能够较好地完成手术规划,满足腹腔微创手术要求．     

冲击载荷下磁流变阻尼器结构优化设计

应用于火炮反后坐装置中的磁流变阻尼器工作在高冲击、高速环境下,对磁流变阻尼器的设计指标和性能提出了更高的要求.针对冲击试验中,磁流变阻尼器表现出的阻尼力可调动态范闱的不足,利用Herschel-Bulkley的磁流变液非线性结构特性的平行平板恒流模型,采用多目标规划方法,提出了火炮反后坐装置应用中的磁流变阻尼器优化设计方法.最后分析了磁流变阻尼器磁路设计准则,结合优化设计尺寸,对阻尼器活塞磁场进行了有限元分析.结果表明,磁流变阻尼器阻尼通道处能产生足够大的磁场强度且分布均匀.     

Structural topology optimization using ant colony optimization algorithm

The ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, a relatively recent bio-inspired approach to solve combinatorial optimization problems mimicking the behavior of real ant colonies, is applied to problems of continuum structural topology design. An overview of the ACO algorithm is first described. A discretized topology design representation and the method for mapping ant's trail into this representation are then detailed. Subsequently, a modified ACO algorithm with elitist ants, niche strategy and memory of multiple colonies is illustrated. Several well-studied examples from structural topology optimization problems of minimum weight and minimum compliance are used to demonstrate its efficiency and versatility. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its ability to find families of multi-modal optimal design.     

Continuity versus Discretization

The threefold interest in architecture, biology and mathematics motivated us to examine and justify new architectural forms. We discuss some notions of rhythm: Euclidean, morphogenetic and morphologic. Contemporary relationships between structure and form are based on the generation of shape by technological processes, thus the resulting objects are restricted to their material expression. Here a phenomenological organisation of form and its continuity with the landscape arise out of the mathematical and architectural creativity. The use of the computer is applied from outside to inside instead from inside to outside; this means that we are dealing with the organisational processes via continuous methods instead of evolutionary processes given by computer simulations, known as genetic algorithms, where the resulting configurations are reduced to a matter of routine. The role of design as an aesthetic component innovates the theoretical framework of structural engineering to establish the architectural environments.     

教学中的DM广告设计

DM广告业发展极为迅速,前景远大,在我们职业技术教育里占有很重要的位置。分析DM市场现状,形式单一结构上简单,无亲和力。学生确定选题,进行市场调研指导学生制作出有创意、有内涵、亲和力较强的DM广告。结构的创新,版式的新颖。     

中国戏曲脸谱艺术与现代设计

中国戏曲脸谱有着深厚的文化意蕴和丰富的历史内容,其艺术特征主要有装饰性、程式性、象征性等特征。从戏曲脸谱的这些特点中,我们也能找到很多可以供给现代设计借鉴的内容。本文探索何把中国文化博大精深的内涵应用到现代设计中去,从中国戏曲脸谱艺术里汲取现代产品造型设计的灵感,探讨现代设计与中国传统文化的关系。     

Metal Single-Site Molecular Complex–MXene Heteroelectrocatalysts Interspersed Graphene Nanonetwork for Efficient Dual-Task of Water Splitting and Metal–Air Batteries

Development of multifunctional electrocatalysts with high efficiency and stability is of great interest in recent energy conversion technologies. Herein, a novel heteroelectrocatalyst of molecular iron complex (Fe_MC)-carbide MXene (Mo₂TiC₂T_x) uniformly embedded in a 3D graphene-based hierarchical network (GrH) is rationally designed. The coexistence of Fe_MC and MXene with their unique interactions triggers optimum electronic properties, rich multiple active sites, and favorite free adsorption energy for excellent trifunctional catalytic activities. Meanwhile, the highly porous GrH effectively promotes a multichannel architecture for charge transfer and gas/ion diffusion to improve stability. Therefore, the Fe_MC–MXene/GrH results in superb performances towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline medium. The practical tests indicate that Zn/Al–air batteries derived from Fe_MC–MXene/GrH cathodic electrodes produce high power densities of 165.6 and 172.7 mW cm⁻², respectively. Impressively, the liquid-state Zn–air battery delivers excellent cycling stability of over 1100 h. In addition, the alkaline water electrolyzer induces a low cell voltage of 1.55 V at 10 mA cm⁻² and 1.86 V at 0.4 A cm⁻² in 30 wt.% KOH at 80 °C, surpassing recent reports. The achievements suggest an exciting multifunctional electrocatalyst for electrochemical energy applications.