树枝状荧光探针设计制备及荧光特性初步研究

树枝状荧光探针是将荧光染料引入树枝状化合物（dendrimer）端基的一类化合物,具有良好的稳定性及光谱特性．笔者以2,2-二甲氧基乙胺为核,采用发散合成法合成了一端含活性氨基的扇形树枝状化合物,并将羧基噻唑橙染料（TO—COOH）引入树枝状化合物的端基,制备出树枝状荧光分子．初步研究了其荧光特性,讨论了反应温度、反应时间等条件对反应收率的影响．     

有机小分子杂化聚降冰片烯 形状记忆性能的研究

以聚降冰片烯(PNB)为研究对象,研究增塑剂(塑分T和环保芳烃油)和有机小分子(微晶蜡、淀粉和碱木质素)对PNB形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明:添加环保芳烃油的PNB玻璃化温度在室温(20℃)附近,塑分T对PNB的玻璃化温度影响不大,有利于PNB在室温下的形变固定;在玻璃化温度起始温度下拉伸时,几种填充PNB均出现屈服现象,且呈现硬而韧的应力-应变特征;几种填充PNB均具有优良的传统形状记忆性能,形状固定率在98%以上,形状恢复率在70%以上,其可逆塑性形状记忆性能低于传统形状记忆性能,可逆塑性形状固定率为49%~77%;微晶蜡杂化PNB具有优异的形状记忆性能。     

弹体撞击钢板过载信号处理方法

弹体在跌落撞击钢板过程中,弹体上将会叠加非常复杂的震荡信号,这些震荡信号对实际过载信号的提取和分析将造成不可忽视的影响.本文通过将实弹跌落至钢板,采集到弹体在碰撞钢板过程中的过载信号和弹体上的各阶震荡信号,并对这些震荡信号进行频谱分析和ANSYS有限元模态分析,为弹体的碰撞过载数据分析提供了帮助.     

定量构效关系研究中分子描述符的相关性

分子描述符的计算是定量构效关系(QSAR)研究的基础,也是化学计量学研究的重要内容,在药物化学、环境科学等领域应用广泛。目前可计算的各种分子描述符已超过4 000种,如何选择合适的分子描述符,成为QSAR研究中首先要做的事。本文首先综述了分子描述符的研究进展,然后随机选择10 000余个化合物,利用Cerius2、Sybyl、Dragon软件计算1 600多种分子描述符,最后,采用相关分析和聚类分析研究各描述符之间的关系,相关分析表明,各类分子描述符之间存在较强的线性关系,这种关系通过聚类分析可以直观体现。     

Construction of Asymmetrical Hexameric Biomimetic Motors with Continuous Single‐Directional Motion by Sequential Coordination

The significance of bionanomotors in nanotechnology is analogous to mechanical motors in daily life. Here the principle and approach for designing and constructing biomimetic nanomotors with continuous single‐directional motion are reported. This bionanomotor is composed of a dodecameric protein channel, a six‐pRNA ring, and an ATPase hexamer. Based on recent elucidations of the one‐way revolving mechanisms of the phi29 double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) motor, various RNA and protein elements are designed and tested by single‐molecule imaging and biochemical assays, with which the motor with active components has been constructed. The motor motion direction is controlled by three operation elements: (1) Asymmetrical ATPase with ATP‐interacting domains for alternative DNA binding/pushing regulated by an arginine finger in a sequential action manner. The arginine finger bridges two adjacent ATPase subunits into a non‐covalent dimer, resulting in an asymmetrical hexameric complex containing one dimer and four monomers. (2) The dsDNA translocation channel as a one‐way valve. (3) The hexameric pRNA ring geared with left‐/right‐handed loops. Assessments of these constructs reveal that one inactive subunit of pRNA/ATPase is sufficient to completely block motor function (defined as K = 1), implying that these components work sequentially based on the principle of binomial distribution and Yang Hui's triangle.     

White‐Emissive Self‐Assembled Organic Microcrystals

Organic semiconductor micro‐/nanocrystals with regular shapes have been demonstrated for many applications, such as organic field‐effect transistors, organic waveguide devices, organic solid‐state lasers, and therefore are inherently ideal building blocks for the key circuits in the next generation of miniaturized optoelectronics. In the study, blue‐emissive organic molecules of 1,4‐bis(2‐methylstyryl)benzene (o‐MSB) can assemble into rectangular microcrystals at a large scale via the room‐temperature solution‐exchange method. Because of the Förster resonance energy transfer, the energy of the absorbed photons by the host matrix organic molecules of o‐MSB can directly transfer to the dopant organic molecules of tetracene or 1,2:8,9‐dibenzopentacene (DBP), which then emit visible photons in different colors from blue to green, and to yellow. More impressively, by modulating the doping molar ratios of DBP to o‐MSB, bright white‐emissive organic microcrystals with well‐preserved rectangular morphology can be successfully achieved with a low doping ratio of 1.5%. These self‐assembled organic semiconductor microcrystals with multicolor emissions can be the white‐light sources for the integrated optical circuits at micro‐/nanoscale.     

水杨醛亚胺前过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂研究进展

水杨醛亚胺前过渡金属催化剂是由水杨醛亚胺配体和前过渡金属配位生成的一种性能优越、用途广泛的烯烃聚合催化剂。水杨醛亚胺配体具有易于通过有机合成手段引入不同取代基的特点,因此通过改变催化活性中心附近的空间位阻效应、电子效应及金属活性中心数量,可以实现对聚合活性、聚合产物及产物分布的调控。文中综述了水杨醛亚胺前过渡金属催化剂的开发现状,重点阐述了水杨醛亚胺前过渡金属催化剂的配体结构对催化性能的影响,涉及到高选择性乙烯三聚、乙烯/α-烯烃、乙烯/极性单体共聚、乙烯聚合生产超高分子量聚乙烯等众多烯烃聚合领域,为这类催化剂的深入研究及工业化应用提供参考。